Effects of Industrialization and the Conditions of the...

Effects of Industrialization and the Conditions of the Working Class in England In the middle of the 19th century the industrial revolution was flourishing in England. With all of the advancements in machinery there would be new opportunities and drawbacks for citizens. Many would leave their lives on the farms and work in factories with unsafe settings. Karl Marx felt that the new advancements in society were able to support the fourth stage of human development, Communism. Along with these new advancements the people would have to learn how to self-govern themselves in the workplace and understand their new responsibilities. England possessed the right settings for the autonomous operation of the economic†¦show more content†¦These new advancements in technology also opened up the social structure to new ideas.3 Many common citizens were given the opportunity to participate in this revolution. The concept of a common man helping to promote positive change in the society became a popular concept. This condition created a prime atmosphere for Marx. The productive knowledge of the working class increased allowing them to think for themselves. These people had the ability to influence material production.4 This also meant that there would be more people assuming the roles of factory owners. These new owners would be faced with the responsibility of producing goods for the society and the well being of its employees. One concern was how the government would adjust to this sudden change in society. The method that rose up was that of capitalism. This allowed companies to control all of the conditions, a method known as laissez-faire. The government stayed out of the companies’ ways because they did not want to hinder the progress. Eventually this idea would be rejected because i t gave the factories too much power and they often abused it.5 In the heart of the industrial revolution the people that moved into the cities were moving into a germ infested, crowded, and unhealthy living conditions. The factories were causing large amounts of pollution making the air harmful to breathe. By 1850 half of England’s population had moved into the cities. ThereShow MoreRelated2002 Ap Euro Dbq: Manchester Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Industrialization on Manchester, England 1750-1850 England in the 18th and 19th centuries changed dramatically as a result of the Industrial Revolution, which had many effects on the social structure of England and increased the gap between the rich and the poor. Because of this, industrialized English towns such as Manchester were both criticized and admired by poets, politicians, journalists, and outsiders, who were particularly from France. The most powerful points of view wereRead MoreUrban Migration During The Industrialization1708 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrialization was a period that brought about many changes. One of the changes that happened during this period was the change of working atmospheres from farms and homes to factories. Industrialization in both England and China had a massive impact on the working conditions in both countries. In England, the percentage of population living in urban areas saw an increase from 17% to 72% in during the Industrial Revolution (Watson). China’s urban population rose from 26% to 53% in 2012 whichRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay example1295 Words   |  6 Pagesagriculture, manufacturing and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the world. The Industrial Revolution began in the United Kingdom as large deposits of coal and iron were found throughout the land which brought the rise of factories and machines, the idea then subsequently spread throughout the world. It was perhaps one of the greatest moments in human history, as it gave rise to industrialization and the switch from manpower to machine power. It completelyRead MoreEssay about Manchester Dbq Ap Euro908 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the nineteenth century, Manchester became one of the most industrialized cities in the world. Although the industrialization of Manchester was very efficient and successful for the modernization of man, the city’s growth also raised many issues in society. The growth of the city had negative and positive effect s. Although the huge population growth in Manchester in the 1800s, delighted many people, for they though this had led to advances in manufacturing and other industries-the increaseRead MoreHow Did Industrialization Affect The Industrial Revolution1247 Words   |  5 PagesWhile the majority of modifications began in England their effects could be felt throughout Europe. The development of more efficient and mechanized tools to further industry, specifically the textile industry, became common place in England during the later part of the 18th century and the early part of the 19th. As society moved from an agriculturally based economy to an industrial based economy social transformation also resulted throughout England and eventually the continent. This shift createdRead MoreSocial And Economic Impacts Of Industrial Revolution893 Words   |  4 PagesSocial and Economic Impacts of Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution began in the 1760’s. Britain became the first country to see its effects. Britain was the best for the revolution because of their high religious tolerance, the Scientific Revolution was underway, and Britain’s government encouraged inner growth by making foreign goods more expensive. During this time period, Britain’s population grew, wealth increased, and the citizens became interested in the fate of Britain. WritingsRead MoreEssay on Industrialization and Utilitarianism in Dickens Hard Times1505 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrialization and Utilitarianism in Dickens Hard Times       Charles Dickens uses his fictitious town in Hard Times to represent the industrialization of England at that time or close to it. Most of this representation, however, isnt accurately described compared the way things really were during industrialization. It is important to remember throughout this paper that not only is Hard Times a work of fiction, it was meant to be a satire, a parody of ideas and ways of thinking atRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution and the Deterioration of the Traditional Family 1216 Words   |  5 PagesIndustrial Revolution, women would work alongside their partner in the agricultural fields which made it is easy for them to juggle childcare and work in the fields (Bailey 584). This allowed a certain sense of equality for women and men when it came to working. Once the Revolution struck, women would have to leave their children with a caretaker if they wished to work. Though society deemed they stay home and take on more traditional pursuits such as raising children, management of households, and the preservationRead MoreThe Great Expectations Of The Industrial Revolution1528 Words   |  7 Pagesable to avoid this fate. In 19th Century England, children of lower class were to work long hours in factories, warehouses, and coal mines for low wages and little food. They also were considered by most societies to be property of their parents. Children had little protection from governments who viewed them as having little to no civil rights outside of their parents wishes, and Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations helps bring some of these conditions to light. The times of the Industrial RevolutionRead MoreThe Steam King, By Edward Mead915 Words   |  4 Pagesin England was similar to many other eras in various countries that experienced rapid industrial and economic growth—a period marked by rampant class warfare, child labor, and other social injustices. The texts of the era are plentiful, written by the factory workers and other laborers, as well as the factory owners, along with individuals outside of these constraints. Many describe the horrid working conditions, the monotony and lifeless character of day in, day out factory work, the effects this

Creatine in Athletes - 816 Words

Creatine in Athletes As more and more people are playing professional, collegiate and high school sports each year (Debate), the competition for playing time has become more heated. Most male athletes in any sports these days are looking for any sort of edge that they can get over the people who are fighting for the same spot they are. These battles for playing time become so heated that these kids are willing to try just about anything to win. Most kids are not willing to try anything illegal like steroids, but something very similar to steroids is a supplement called creatine. Creatine is now the most widely used supplement in athletics today (Debate). The sport that creatine is most commonly used in at any level is football.†¦show more content†¦In the entire National Football League, approximately fifty percent of all players use creatine (Martinez). Other professional athletes who take creatine and also stand behind it are Troy Aikman, Brady Anderson, Michael Johnson, and Chad Curtis. Michael Johnson claims that creatine helped him win his gold medals, while Curtis claims he gained fifteen pounds from taking the supplement (Martinez). These athletes are just a small example of professionals who endorse creatine, and their success is a big reason why many younger athletes feel the need to try it. On the collegiate level, the number of athletes who take creatine are just as high and continue to climb each day. Young kids that are trying to make it to the next level and play professional sports are almost living off of creatine. Lamberto Byington, a student at San Diego State University, thinks creatine is his answer to playing college football. â€Å". . . I use creatine regularly and plan on using it in the future. At my weight — 175 pounds — I need every pound I can get. Creatine helps me with my workouts and helps put more mass on my frame. Ill keep using it.† Lamberto is definitely not the only college student who feels this way as thousands of other college athletes also take creatine regularly (Martinez). Creatine is not only limited to professional and college athletics. It has finally replaced illegal anabolic steroids as the most used supplement in highShow MoreRelated The Effects of Creatine on Athletes Bodies Essay examples1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Creatine on Athletes Bodies From a very early age sports are introduced upon both young boys and girls. Although it begins with sportsmanship and teamwork, it begins to evolve into new objectives when these young athletes enter high school. In fact, high school sports are vastly different. Your mind is trained to obliterate the opponent and win at all costs. This mentality can often lead many young athletes to turn to supplements to assist in muscle building. The most commonRead MoreThe Importance Of Creatine And Ergogenic Help : The Use Of Athletes1168 Words   |  5 Pagesby competitors, for example, creatine or steroids, to upgrade their performance. Both creatine and steroids are known for being the most well known substances. Creatine is utilized as a part of the body to deliver energy, it blends with phosphate to make phosphocreatine or PC, when it brakes it produces energy that puts ADP and P back to together to create ATP, and ATP is the main sort of energy that is utilized as a part of the body. As indicated in the book, â€Å"Creatine supplementation appears toRead MoreEssay about Dietary Supplements Used by Athletes: Creatine1458 Words   |  6 PagesCreatine (Cr) is a popular dietary supplement used by athletes to increase sports performance, muscle mass, and strength. Creatine was first discovered in â€Å"1835, when a French scientist reported finding this constituent of meat† (Demant Rhodes, 1999). This organic compound is manufactured endogenously by the liver and kidneys â€Å"from the amino acids glycine, arginine and methionine† for energy stipulation during muscular contraction. (Arazi, Rahmaninia, Hoseini, Asadi, 2011). Creatine is eitherRead More Creatine Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pages Creatine nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Creatine is one of the primary things an athlete will do to put supplements into their body. These supplements range from protein shakes to illegal anabolic steroids. Some sports supplements are incredibly safe and effective, yet others work for a while and then fizzle out, while others still work well but do more damage than good in the long run. In the past athletes had to turn to such things as anabolic steroids or blood doping (the process of takingRead MoreActions and Effects of Creatine Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesActions and Effects of Creatine Throughout time, humans have had a fascination with being excellent at what they do, and athletics have been no exception. Many substances exist, and many have been criticized and analyzed for their safety, legality, and morality for athletes. With the banning of steroids from competitive sports, and the implementation of random drug testing in most sports, most athletes, professional, recreational, and would-be professionals are hopingRead MoreCreatine Side Effects On Nutritional Supplements1417 Words   |  6 Pages This creatine side effects update covers sources of creatine in food,effective supplementation and study results of creatines effectiveness. Over the last decade, thousands of articles have been written about creatine side effects in scientific journals, magazines, newspapers, and on the Internet. The reason for this interest is that creatine supplements have proven to be one of the most effective methods available to increase strength, power, and muscle mass. Moreover, a number of potential therapeuticRead MoreThe Athletes Use Nutritional Supplements Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesMost athletes use nutritional supplements, also known as ergogenic aids, in hopes to better their athletic performance. There is a wide variety of nutritional supplements that people take to see improvements. Some ergogenic aids that are most commonly used are beta-alanine, caffeine, creatine, pyruvate, and many more. The one we will focus on for this paper is creatine. Ergogenic aids are substances or techniques that are used to enhance performance, increase lean body mass or muscle mass (MaughanRead MoreEssay on Supplements in Sports1725 Words   |  7 PagesWhen you are involved in athletics, you have to be competitive. You have to want to win more than anybody else. Athletes these days, however, are really taking winning to the extreme. Athletes today are using various supplements to increase their size, muscle mass, and their potential to perform well. Athletes have been taking all kinds of supplements to gain an edge on their opponents. Little do they know, these supplements are not FDA approved. No one knows the long-term effects of these supplementsRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Creatine1319 Words   |  6 PagesCreatine has become one of the most substantial methods used to enhancing performance. This performance enhancing substance is purchased mostly in powder and is mixed into the liquid. Once the creatine enters an individualâ₠¬â„¢s physique, it fuels the body’s ability to produce energy immediately. The reason why creatine has a significant role is that with additional energy, an athlete can train harder, which will ultimately supply quicker results. In addition, if an athlete exercises frequently, followRead MoreCreatine s Performance Enhancing Athletic Performance1293 Words   |  6 PagesIf you ever wandered through a pharmacy, you may have seen muscular bodybuilders checking out creatine (Cr) supplements. Many athletes consume this supplement to build strength and enhance athletic performance, especially towards physical efforts requiring energy bursts. Since English Olympians initially brought attention to creatine s performance-enhancing benefits at the 1992 Barcelona Games, creatine s popularity has skyrocketed. Its effectiveness is supported by numerous scientific studies,

Reliance on Misleading and Deceptive Conduct

Question: Discuss about the Reliance on Misleading and Deceptive Conduct. Answer: Introduction: The Australian Consumer Law or the ACL is a substantial legislation for the protection of consumers in Australia, along with making certain that the businesses trade in a fair manner. Schedule 2 of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (CCA) contains the provisions regarding ACL (Coorey, 2015). The CCA provides the protection to the consumers from unfair contractual terms, unconscionable conduct, false representations, misleading and deceptive conduct, and various other unfair practices, which relate to the supply of goods and services, and even land (Corones, 2012). Section 3 of the ACL contains the definition of a consumer. As per this section of the ACL, an individual, who acquires goods or services, the amount of which does not exceed $40,000, or such a higher amount, which has been prescribed is a consumer, provided the goods or services have been acquired ordinarily for personal, household or domestic consumption or use (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). Section 18 of the ACL provides the restriction on individuals from engaging in such conduct, during the course of trade or commerce, which can be stated as being deceptive or misleading (Kolivos and Kuperman, 2012). This conduct is considered as being an unfair business practice as per the CCA. Section 18 can be used by the people who have been induced or persuaded by some other party to enter into the contract, as a result of the misrepresentations which were made when the negotiations took place, and which ultimately led to the formation of the contract. When such an incident occurs, the aggrieved party can apply for the requisite relief due to the deceptive or misleading conduct arising from the misrepresentation made (Federal Register of Legislation, 2013). In the matter of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Internet Pty Ltd (2013) FCAFC 37, certain advertisement was given by TPA in the newspaper. The court held that these advertisements were not only misleading, but deceptive as well, due to the single price which was displayed in the advertisements for the services undertaken by the individuals. The reality was very different from these advertisements, as for these services, the individuals were required to pay a number of other costs, which were deliberately withheld in the advertisement by TPA. Upon the matter being presented before the court, the ruling was given in favor of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission and it was held that the provisions of ACL were breached by TPA, as it engaged in misleading and deceptive conduct (High Court of Australia, 2013). In De Bortoli Wines Pty Ltd v HIH Insurance Ltd (in liquidation) Others [2012] FCAFC 28, it was held by the court that reliance had to be established on the misleading or deceptive conduct of the defendant, so that the provisions of the Trade Practices Act 1974 could be contravened. The Trade Practices Act 1974 is the former act of the ACL. Once the reliance is established, the court can award the required remedies to the plaintiff (Czoch and Whalebelly, 2012). As per section 29(1)(i) of this ACL, the individuals are considered to be involved in the unfair practices, where such individuals, during the course of trade or commerce, engage in the supply of goods or services and for promoting their goods or services, a false or misleading representation is made by the individuals in relation to the value, price, need, grade, standard or one of the other aspects of the services or products offered (Federal Register of Legislation, 2013). In Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Jetstar Airways Pty Ltd [2015] FCA 1263, it was held by the court that there was a failure on part of Virgin and Jetstar, and that too deliberate, regarding the disclosers made pertaining to the additional Booking and Service Fee. Moreover, these particular disclosures relating to the fee were made, only when the consumer had crossed a certain number of stages under the booking process. Due to these reasons, both Virgin and Jetstar were held too have breached the act as they made false or misleading representation, due to their engagement in the misleading dip pricing practice (Jade, 2015). Exclusion clauses are the clauses, which are inserted in the contract and which have the capability of limiting the liability of the party including the same in the contract. For the exclusion clause to have legal validity, the same has to be incorporated in the contract in a proper manner. In addition to this, an exclusion clause cannot limit the applicability or contradict any law. It is crucial that the exclusion clause is brought to the notice of the party against which the same is being inserted (Roach, 2016). L'Estrange v Graucob [1934] 2 KB 394 contained the ruling that it was irrelevant if the individual had read the exclusion clause or not, if the same has been signed, the same is applicable on the parties (Swarb, 2017). In Chapelton v Barry UDC (1940) 1 KB 532, the back of the ticket contained the exclusion clause and the same was not brought to the attention of the plaintiff. Due to these reasons, the same was held as being invalid (E-Law Resources, 2017a). In Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd (1971) 2 WLR 585, a similar ruling was given. In this case also, for the reasons of the exclusion clause being at the backside of the ticket, it was held to be invalid (E-Law Resources, 2017b). The exclusion clause has to be stated at the same place only, and cannot be referred to some other place, as was established in Thompson v London Midland Scottish Railway (1930) 1 KB 41 (E-Law Resources, 2017c). The ruling given in L'Estrange v Graucob has an exception. In case the signing part of the contract has been misrepresented or has been mislead regarding the terms of or the effects of the contract, the rule given in L'Estrange v Graucob does not apply. Application In Curtis v Chemical Cleaning and Dyeing Co [1951] 1 KB 805, when the claimant gave her dress to the cleaners, she was requested to sign a form. Upon enquiring about the same, she was told by the assistant that the form excluded the cleaners liability in case the beads are damaged. However, this exclusion clause limited the liability of the cleaner from all the damages. When the dress was returned as badly stained, the plaintiff sued the cleaner. In this case, it was held that due to the misrepresentation by the assistant, the cleaner could not rely upon the exclusion clause (Swarb, 2015). In the given case study, Brent paid a total sum of $12,000 for him and his wife for booking the tour. This amount is within the limits given in the ACL for a consumer, and so, as per ACL, Brent and his wife were consumers. When Brent was booking the tour, he came across the live chat, where he clearly stated his and his wifes condition and preferences, and only after the assurances were made regarding the same, did he book the tour. He was explicitly told that the river part of the tour was a leisurely 8-hour cruise down a river in Canada, which would suit him and his wife, particular because his wife would not swim. When the tour was started, on 9th day, they came across the river cruise, which required him to ride rafts, which was not mentioned in the itinerary. And there he was told that they would have to ride the rafts as it was the only way. This statement was different from the one made when booking the tour and hence, the same can be deemed as misleading and deceptive conduct, in addition to the same being false representation. It was falsely told to Brent that the ride would be cruise, when in reality it was rafts, which mislead him into entering the tour. As per Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Internet Pty Ltd, the information regarding the use of rafts was deliberately withheld by Rocky Tours and so, Brent was misled. And as per Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Jetstar Airways Pty Ltd, Brent came to know about the rafts only after he had reached the 9th day of the tour. Hence, both section of ACL, i.e., 18 and 29(1)(i) were beached and this action would be deemed as unfair trading on part of Rocky Tours. Moreover, the exclusion clause would not safeguard Rocky Tours due to the misrepresentation made in it, as per Curtis v Chemical Cleaning and Dyeing Co. Even if this misrepresentation was not made, the exclusion clause would have been invalid, as the same restricted the liability of Australian Consumer Law on them, even when they provided services to the consumers. Conclusion To conclude, the applicability of the Australian Consumer Law on this case has given Brent, the rights of a consumer. And the actions undertaken by Rocky Tours have breached the leading sections of the ACL. Also, Rocky Tours cannot be safeguarded by the exclusion clause and so, would be liable for the losses incurred by Brent. References Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2017) Competition And Consumer Act 2010 - Schedule 2. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/caca2010265/sch2.html [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Coorey, A. (2015) Australian Consumer Law. London, United Kingdom: LexisNexis Butterworths. Corones, S.G. (2012) The Australian Consumer Law. New South Wales: Lawbook Company. Czoch, K., and Whalebelly, R. (2012) Australia: DO: Shareholder reliance on misleading and deceptive conduct. [Online] Mondaq. Available from: https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/182340/Arbitration+Dispute+Resolution/DO+Shareholder+reliance+on+misleading+and+deceptive+conduct [Accessed on: 23/04/17] E-Law Resources. (2017a) Chapelton v Barry UDC [1940] 1 KB 532. [Online] E-Law Resources. Available from: https://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/cases/Chapelton-v-Barry.php [Accessed on: 23/04/17] E-Law Resources. (2017b) Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking [1971] 2 WLR 585 Court of Appeal. [Online] E-Law Resources. Available from: https://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Thornton-v-Shoe-Lane-Parking.php [Accessed on: 23/04/17] E-Law Resources. (2017c) Thompson v London, Midland and Scotland Railway Co [1930] 1 KB 41 Court of Appeal. [Online] E-Law Resources. Available from: https://e-lawresources.co.uk/Thompson-v-London%2C-Midland-and-Scotland-Railway-Co.php [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Federal Register of Legislation. (2013) Competition and Consumer Act 2010. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00620/Html/Volume_3#_Toc368657533 [Accessed on: 23/04/17] High Court of Australia. (2013) Australian Competition and Consumer Commission V TPG Internet Pty Ltd (M98/2013). [Online] High Court of Australia. Available from: https://www.hcourt.gov.au/assets/cases/m98-2013/M98-2013.pdf [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Jade. (2015) Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Jetstar Airways Pty Limited [2015] FCA 1263; (2016) ATPR 42-523. [Online] Jade. Available from: https://jade.io/j/?a=outlineid=418609 [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Kolivos, E., and Kuperman, A. (2012) Consumer law: Web of lies-legal implications of astroturfing. Keeping good companies, 64(1), p. 38. Roach, L. (2016) Card and James' Business Law. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Swarb. (2015) Curtis v Chemical Cleaning and Dyeing Co: CA 1951. [Online] Swarb. Available from: https://swarb.co.uk/curtis-v-chemical-cleaning-and-dyeing-co-ca-1951/ [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Swarb. (2017) LEstrange v F Graucob Limited: CA 1934. [Online] Swarb. Available from: https://swarb.co.uk/lestrange-v-f-graucob-limited-ca-1934/ [Accessed on: 23/04/17]

The Importance of Marketing and Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport Creating and Maintaining the Perfect Balance

Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a form of self-regulation incorporated into organizations which functions as an instrument by which the corporation examines and ensures its active conformity with the provisions of the law, ethical norms, and global practices (Sà ©guin and Parent, 2010). The main role of social initiatives is to uphold responsibility and promote a positive impact through its conduct towards the environment, customers, staff, the immediate community, and all members of the public domain.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Importance of Marketing and Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport: Creating and Maintaining the Perfect Balance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, CSR actively promotes the community’s growth and development and eradicates norms that harm the public, irrespective of legality. Although there is no single universally accepted def inition of CSR, it can be summarized as the intentional inclusion of public interest into corporate or organizational decision-making processes, and the honoring of the three corporate pillars: people, planet, profit. CSR ensures that a corporation goes beyond its legal requirements so as to handle staff with dignity, operate with integrity and ethics, respect human rights, sustain the environment for future generations, create strong positive relations with the surrounding communities, being responsible in the community, and a good ‘corporate citizen’ (Inoue, Kent, and Lee, 2011). For a long time, stakeholders have recognized the potential of sports venues and sporting activities to form a platform for undertaking CSR activities. This has resulted into most corporations engaging in some form of CSR activity in sporting events. However, companies have recently shifted their focus driven by profit motivations, and are beginning to move away from CSR related activities to focus more on increasing their profit margins through such undertakings (Inoue et al, 2011). Although both sponsorship and corporate social responsibility offer sources of funds, resources, and in-kind services to organizations, they differ in the nature of what they expect in exchange. Indeed, some scholars have suggested that marketing and corporate philanthropy sit at opposite ends of a donation continuum. While CSR involves noble donations that are made based on personal values and not on personal gain, corporate decisions to sponsor sport properties are normally driven by business objectives although they may include intention to generate public goodwill regarding the organization and hence lead either to publicity of the whole company or of some of its products (Sà ©guin and Parent, 2010). However, one thing is clear: both CSR and sponsorships help a company in its marketing initiatives. In fact, sponsorships can wholly be regarded as a marketing initiative.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Corporate social responsibility is becoming increasingly important to organizations, governments, and service providers as they strive to meet the challenges of social and economic problems while altering welfare environments and this can be attributed to a number of factors, economic, social, cultural, legal and technological and so on. However, according to Sà ©guin and Parent (2010), progress in this area is often hampered by the fact that the field is under researched even as corporations face new demands to improve their accountability, transparency, integrity, and ethical behavior while observing the interests of its staff and that of the general public. Indeed, a study by Ludwig and Karabetsos (1999) reported that few researchers have focused on how corporations and organizations can create an equilibrium between corporate social responsibili ty and marketing or sponsorship roles. The objective of this study is to identify the primary factors that influence a corporation’s involvement in CSR, and make recommendations on how a balance between marketing and corporate social responsibility can be achieved Methodology A mixed-methods approach was employed to analyze the motivation and level of involvement of corporations in CSR. A case study of teams participating in the NBA league in the United States was conducted to investigate the use of CSR in a major sporting event. Analysis looked at individual corporations’ contributions, sponsorship activities and the motivation for engaging in these activities. Both quantitative and qualitative measures were helpful in examining the research objective and drawing conclusions. The research incorporates the following: Data gathered from IRS Form 990, 990-PF, and 990-EZ Statistical F-tests Related polls and surveys Additional information from articles and other studies This research study examines sports foundations in the three major leagues across three quantitative measures: revenues, grants distributed, and net assets. Analyzing annual revenue gives incite into a foundation’s potential for generating income through contributions, gifts, or from charging fees for services. Grants distributed indicate the organization’s current involvement in CSR and net assets indicate their ability to support activities in the future. Assessing these three variables is essential in understanding a sports’ foundations level of CSR and its ability to engage in CSR in the future.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Importance of Marketing and Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport: Creating and Maintaining the Perfect Balance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The qualitative statistical methods used include One-Way ANOVA F-tests and Chi-Square/Contingency Table tests. These tests will determine the statistical significance of the relationships between CSR and different variable factors (including marketing and CSR roles). The ANOVA-test reveals if there is a significant difference between the level of contributions, profitability, and levels of CSR activities. Qualitative analysis focuses on the NBA and its recent spike in CSR activities. Conclusions are drawn from polls and surveys conducted by ESPN, and analysis of articles on the topic. Organizations normally fill Form 990, 990-PF, or 990-EZ with the IRS. The form details information on the corporation’s mission, programs, and finances. The goal of the qualitative methods is to determine the extent of CSR in the NBA, their impact on the league and players, and the factors that influence a franchise’s CSR decisions. Results and Discussion This study used a mixed-methods approach to develop an understanding of the involvement of professional sports franchises in CSR. The un derlying research question looked to identify the extent to which sports franchises engage in CSR and factors that influence this involvement. Quantitatively, this study proved that the league a corporation is involved in does impact its CSR activities. ANOVA tests showed that performance impacts the level of CSR. In the NBA, there is a relationship between winning and charitable grants distributed. Teams with a winning season attract a larger level of sponsors and donations from corporations than losing teams. Qualitatively, a case study of the NBA revealed that player perception and league image is a motivating factor in determining the league’s level of CSR. Hence, CSR activities impacted positively on player performance on the pitch. The question on the factors that influence corporations to engage in CSR was observed as an intervening, or confounding variable, as it featured strongly in both the ANOVA and quantitative analyses. Corporations that invested more in CSR acti vities experienced a steady increase in profitability and product awareness. Surveys conducted showed that persons who supported a particular team were more likely to purchase products from the sponsors. When faced with two options of purchasing two similar products, a person was more likely to purchase the sponsor’s product. Hence, it was concluded that marketing and profitability were major factors in corporations’ engagement in CSR activities. However, it was postulated that corporations’ engagement in sports is purely from a corporate social responsibility perspective and that the numerous benefits come automatically in virtue of the corporations’ CSR activities. Further research should be undertaken on this topic.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Future of CSR in Professional Sports Several theories have been put forward to explain why corporations engage in sporting activities. Some of these theories point to a corporation’s objective of increasing its involvement with the local community, to increase general public awareness of the company, to enhance the corporation’s image, to alter or influence public perception of the company, to block competition, to increase sales and/or market share, to increase product awareness, and to reach a target market (Mullin, Hardy, and Sutton, 2000). Either way, corporations need to establishing a perfect balance between CSR and marketing so that both the company and the public can benefit the corporation’s involvement in the event, rather than the current situation where corporations are the predominant winners in many sporting activities(Mullin et al., 2000). This balance can be achieved through the following strategies. Responsibility Corporations can create a balan ce between marketing and CSR by engaging in responsible advertising and in the dissemination of information. While the sponsors are accorded the rights to air advertisement of their products and engage in product awareness campaigns during sports events, corporations must refrain from running programs or commercials that may harm participants, the audience, and viewers in any way. This observation mainly applies to corporations that produce alcoholic products such as Heineken and Anheuser-Busch (Polonsky and Speed, 2001). Corporations should run responsible drinking programs at their own will and not just due to coercion or pressure. Similar policies should be adopted by tobacco manufacturers. This would create a balance between marketing and CSR. Life, Health, and Safety of all While signing sponsorship agreements, corporations should bear that every party within the particular sporting scene is important towards the successful staging of the event, be it the spectators, participan ts, or persons watching at home. Consequently, the corporations’ sponsorship package must include programs aimed at enhancing the lives, health, and safety of all parties involves whenever they can (Walker Kent, 2009). The activities could include programs to prohibit any doping practices; preventing accidents (or improving safety); providing medical care to the participants; workers and people involved in the organization of the games; prohibition of exploitation of Child Labour and forced Labour; and realization of buildings, equipment, and facilities in compliance with national and international laws and ILO Conventions (Polonsky and Speed, 2001). Environment Sustainability Sponsors must understand the effect of sports activities on nature as well as the flexibility of the natural area being used to withstand the various activities being undertaken during the sporting activities. Consequently, they must guarantee the highest level of safeguard of the territory and pursue the objectives of environmental improvement, taking into account the principles of sustainable development (Mullin et al., 2000). Environmental sustainability is spelt out in many policies pertaining to particular sports, for instance, in the Olympic Games, the Olympic Movement Agenda 21 focuses on the reinforcement of environmental education of youth during the games. Environmental sustainability is a very important subject and each sponsor must strive to play a role in enhancing environmental protection and conservation. Integrity and transparency Integrity, transparency, and participation should be viewed not as constraints, but rather as conditions of efficacy and efficiency, because they enhance the credibility and authority of the complex action of â€Å"governance† on which the success of the sports events hinges (Walker Kent, 2009). The corporation must embrace integrity and transparency in all of its activities in relation to the sponsorship deal. Conclusion A recen t shift in CSR activities has seen activities transform their corporate goodwill to a profit-motivated venture while sponsoring sporting activities. This shift has seen companies pay less attention to societal needs but engage in aggressive marketing techniques in total disregard to the well-being of the rest of the society. Consequently, there is an urgent need for companies to realign their sponsorship activities so that a balance is created between marketing and CSR. Elements such as responsibility, taking the matter of all stakeholders at heart, environmental sustainability, and integrity and transparency can significantly help in bringing back the balance between CSR and sponsorship of sporting activities among corporations. References Inoue, Y., Kent, A., and Lee, S. (2011). CSR and the Bottom Line: Analyzing the Link between CSR and Financial Performance for Professional Teams. Journal of Sport Management. In press, uncorrected proof.  . Ludwig, S. and Karabetsos, J.D. (199 9). Objectives and evaluation processes utilized by sponsors of the 1996 Olympic Games. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 8(1), 11–19. Mullin, B., Hardy, S. and Sutton, W. (2000). Sport Marketing (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinesics Polonsky, M.J. and Speed, R. (2001). Linking sponsorship and cause related marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 35(11/12), 1361–1385 Sà ©guin, B., and Parent, M. M. (2010). Corporate support: a corporate social responsibility alternative to traditional event sponsorship. Int. J. Sport Management and Marketing, 7(3/4), 522-30. Walker, M., Kent, A. (2009). Do fans care? Assessing the influence of corporate social responsibility on consumer attitudes in the sport industry. Journal of Sport Management, 23, 717-742. 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