Effects of Industrialization and the Conditions of the...

Effects of Industrialization and the Conditions of the Working Class in England In the middle of the 19th century the industrial revolution was flourishing in England. With all of the advancements in machinery there would be new opportunities and drawbacks for citizens. Many would leave their lives on the farms and work in factories with unsafe settings. Karl Marx felt that the new advancements in society were able to support the fourth stage of human development, Communism. Along with these new advancements the people would have to learn how to self-govern themselves in the workplace and understand their new responsibilities. England possessed the right settings for the autonomous operation of the economic†¦show more content†¦These new advancements in technology also opened up the social structure to new ideas.3 Many common citizens were given the opportunity to participate in this revolution. The concept of a common man helping to promote positive change in the society became a popular concept. This condition created a prime atmosphere for Marx. The productive knowledge of the working class increased allowing them to think for themselves. These people had the ability to influence material production.4 This also meant that there would be more people assuming the roles of factory owners. These new owners would be faced with the responsibility of producing goods for the society and the well being of its employees. One concern was how the government would adjust to this sudden change in society. The method that rose up was that of capitalism. This allowed companies to control all of the conditions, a method known as laissez-faire. The government stayed out of the companies’ ways because they did not want to hinder the progress. Eventually this idea would be rejected because i t gave the factories too much power and they often abused it.5 In the heart of the industrial revolution the people that moved into the cities were moving into a germ infested, crowded, and unhealthy living conditions. The factories were causing large amounts of pollution making the air harmful to breathe. By 1850 half of England’s population had moved into the cities. ThereShow MoreRelated2002 Ap Euro Dbq: Manchester Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Industrialization on Manchester, England 1750-1850 England in the 18th and 19th centuries changed dramatically as a result of the Industrial Revolution, which had many effects on the social structure of England and increased the gap between the rich and the poor. Because of this, industrialized English towns such as Manchester were both criticized and admired by poets, politicians, journalists, and outsiders, who were particularly from France. The most powerful points of view wereRead MoreUrban Migration During The Industrialization1708 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrialization was a period that brought about many changes. One of the changes that happened during this period was the change of working atmospheres from farms and homes to factories. Industrialization in both England and China had a massive impact on the working conditions in both countries. In England, the percentage of population living in urban areas saw an increase from 17% to 72% in during the Industrial Revolution (Watson). China’s urban population rose from 26% to 53% in 2012 whichRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay example1295 Words   |  6 Pagesagriculture, manufacturing and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the world. The Industrial Revolution began in the United Kingdom as large deposits of coal and iron were found throughout the land which brought the rise of factories and machines, the idea then subsequently spread throughout the world. It was perhaps one of the greatest moments in human history, as it gave rise to industrialization and the switch from manpower to machine power. It completelyRead MoreEssay about Manchester Dbq Ap Euro908 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the nineteenth century, Manchester became one of the most industrialized cities in the world. Although the industrialization of Manchester was very efficient and successful for the modernization of man, the city’s growth also raised many issues in society. The growth of the city had negative and positive effect s. Although the huge population growth in Manchester in the 1800s, delighted many people, for they though this had led to advances in manufacturing and other industries-the increaseRead MoreHow Did Industrialization Affect The Industrial Revolution1247 Words   |  5 PagesWhile the majority of modifications began in England their effects could be felt throughout Europe. The development of more efficient and mechanized tools to further industry, specifically the textile industry, became common place in England during the later part of the 18th century and the early part of the 19th. As society moved from an agriculturally based economy to an industrial based economy social transformation also resulted throughout England and eventually the continent. This shift createdRead MoreSocial And Economic Impacts Of Industrial Revolution893 Words   |  4 PagesSocial and Economic Impacts of Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution began in the 1760’s. Britain became the first country to see its effects. Britain was the best for the revolution because of their high religious tolerance, the Scientific Revolution was underway, and Britain’s government encouraged inner growth by making foreign goods more expensive. During this time period, Britain’s population grew, wealth increased, and the citizens became interested in the fate of Britain. WritingsRead MoreEssay on Industrialization and Utilitarianism in Dickens Hard Times1505 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrialization and Utilitarianism in Dickens Hard Times       Charles Dickens uses his fictitious town in Hard Times to represent the industrialization of England at that time or close to it. Most of this representation, however, isnt accurately described compared the way things really were during industrialization. It is important to remember throughout this paper that not only is Hard Times a work of fiction, it was meant to be a satire, a parody of ideas and ways of thinking atRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution and the Deterioration of the Traditional Family 1216 Words   |  5 PagesIndustrial Revolution, women would work alongside their partner in the agricultural fields which made it is easy for them to juggle childcare and work in the fields (Bailey 584). This allowed a certain sense of equality for women and men when it came to working. Once the Revolution struck, women would have to leave their children with a caretaker if they wished to work. Though society deemed they stay home and take on more traditional pursuits such as raising children, management of households, and the preservationRead MoreThe Great Expectations Of The Industrial Revolution1528 Words   |  7 Pagesable to avoid this fate. In 19th Century England, children of lower class were to work long hours in factories, warehouses, and coal mines for low wages and little food. They also were considered by most societies to be property of their parents. Children had little protection from governments who viewed them as having little to no civil rights outside of their parents wishes, and Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations helps bring some of these conditions to light. The times of the Industrial RevolutionRead MoreThe Steam King, By Edward Mead915 Words   |  4 Pagesin England was similar to many other eras in various countries that experienced rapid industrial and economic growth—a period marked by rampant class warfare, child labor, and other social injustices. The texts of the era are plentiful, written by the factory workers and other laborers, as well as the factory owners, along with individuals outside of these constraints. Many describe the horrid working conditions, the monotony and lifeless character of day in, day out factory work, the effects this

Creatine in Athletes - 816 Words

Creatine in Athletes As more and more people are playing professional, collegiate and high school sports each year (Debate), the competition for playing time has become more heated. Most male athletes in any sports these days are looking for any sort of edge that they can get over the people who are fighting for the same spot they are. These battles for playing time become so heated that these kids are willing to try just about anything to win. Most kids are not willing to try anything illegal like steroids, but something very similar to steroids is a supplement called creatine. Creatine is now the most widely used supplement in athletics today (Debate). The sport that creatine is most commonly used in at any level is football.†¦show more content†¦In the entire National Football League, approximately fifty percent of all players use creatine (Martinez). Other professional athletes who take creatine and also stand behind it are Troy Aikman, Brady Anderson, Michael Johnson, and Chad Curtis. Michael Johnson claims that creatine helped him win his gold medals, while Curtis claims he gained fifteen pounds from taking the supplement (Martinez). These athletes are just a small example of professionals who endorse creatine, and their success is a big reason why many younger athletes feel the need to try it. On the collegiate level, the number of athletes who take creatine are just as high and continue to climb each day. Young kids that are trying to make it to the next level and play professional sports are almost living off of creatine. Lamberto Byington, a student at San Diego State University, thinks creatine is his answer to playing college football. â€Å". . . I use creatine regularly and plan on using it in the future. At my weight — 175 pounds — I need every pound I can get. Creatine helps me with my workouts and helps put more mass on my frame. Ill keep using it.† Lamberto is definitely not the only college student who feels this way as thousands of other college athletes also take creatine regularly (Martinez). Creatine is not only limited to professional and college athletics. It has finally replaced illegal anabolic steroids as the most used supplement in highShow MoreRelated The Effects of Creatine on Athletes Bodies Essay examples1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Creatine on Athletes Bodies From a very early age sports are introduced upon both young boys and girls. Although it begins with sportsmanship and teamwork, it begins to evolve into new objectives when these young athletes enter high school. In fact, high school sports are vastly different. Your mind is trained to obliterate the opponent and win at all costs. This mentality can often lead many young athletes to turn to supplements to assist in muscle building. The most commonRead MoreThe Importance Of Creatine And Ergogenic Help : The Use Of Athletes1168 Words   |  5 Pagesby competitors, for example, creatine or steroids, to upgrade their performance. Both creatine and steroids are known for being the most well known substances. Creatine is utilized as a part of the body to deliver energy, it blends with phosphate to make phosphocreatine or PC, when it brakes it produces energy that puts ADP and P back to together to create ATP, and ATP is the main sort of energy that is utilized as a part of the body. As indicated in the book, â€Å"Creatine supplementation appears toRead MoreEssay about Dietary Supplements Used by Athletes: Creatine1458 Words   |  6 PagesCreatine (Cr) is a popular dietary supplement used by athletes to increase sports performance, muscle mass, and strength. Creatine was first discovered in â€Å"1835, when a French scientist reported finding this constituent of meat† (Demant Rhodes, 1999). This organic compound is manufactured endogenously by the liver and kidneys â€Å"from the amino acids glycine, arginine and methionine† for energy stipulation during muscular contraction. (Arazi, Rahmaninia, Hoseini, Asadi, 2011). Creatine is eitherRead More Creatine Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pages Creatine nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Creatine is one of the primary things an athlete will do to put supplements into their body. These supplements range from protein shakes to illegal anabolic steroids. Some sports supplements are incredibly safe and effective, yet others work for a while and then fizzle out, while others still work well but do more damage than good in the long run. In the past athletes had to turn to such things as anabolic steroids or blood doping (the process of takingRead MoreActions and Effects of Creatine Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesActions and Effects of Creatine Throughout time, humans have had a fascination with being excellent at what they do, and athletics have been no exception. Many substances exist, and many have been criticized and analyzed for their safety, legality, and morality for athletes. With the banning of steroids from competitive sports, and the implementation of random drug testing in most sports, most athletes, professional, recreational, and would-be professionals are hopingRead MoreCreatine Side Effects On Nutritional Supplements1417 Words   |  6 Pages This creatine side effects update covers sources of creatine in food,effective supplementation and study results of creatines effectiveness. Over the last decade, thousands of articles have been written about creatine side effects in scientific journals, magazines, newspapers, and on the Internet. The reason for this interest is that creatine supplements have proven to be one of the most effective methods available to increase strength, power, and muscle mass. Moreover, a number of potential therapeuticRead MoreThe Athletes Use Nutritional Supplements Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesMost athletes use nutritional supplements, also known as ergogenic aids, in hopes to better their athletic performance. There is a wide variety of nutritional supplements that people take to see improvements. Some ergogenic aids that are most commonly used are beta-alanine, caffeine, creatine, pyruvate, and many more. The one we will focus on for this paper is creatine. Ergogenic aids are substances or techniques that are used to enhance performance, increase lean body mass or muscle mass (MaughanRead MoreEssay on Supplements in Sports1725 Words   |  7 PagesWhen you are involved in athletics, you have to be competitive. You have to want to win more than anybody else. Athletes these days, however, are really taking winning to the extreme. Athletes today are using various supplements to increase their size, muscle mass, and their potential to perform well. Athletes have been taking all kinds of supplements to gain an edge on their opponents. Little do they know, these supplements are not FDA approved. No one knows the long-term effects of these supplementsRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Creatine1319 Words   |  6 PagesCreatine has become one of the most substantial methods used to enhancing performance. This performance enhancing substance is purchased mostly in powder and is mixed into the liquid. Once the creatine enters an individualâ₠¬â„¢s physique, it fuels the body’s ability to produce energy immediately. The reason why creatine has a significant role is that with additional energy, an athlete can train harder, which will ultimately supply quicker results. In addition, if an athlete exercises frequently, followRead MoreCreatine s Performance Enhancing Athletic Performance1293 Words   |  6 PagesIf you ever wandered through a pharmacy, you may have seen muscular bodybuilders checking out creatine (Cr) supplements. Many athletes consume this supplement to build strength and enhance athletic performance, especially towards physical efforts requiring energy bursts. Since English Olympians initially brought attention to creatine s performance-enhancing benefits at the 1992 Barcelona Games, creatine s popularity has skyrocketed. Its effectiveness is supported by numerous scientific studies,

Reliance on Misleading and Deceptive Conduct

Question: Discuss about the Reliance on Misleading and Deceptive Conduct. Answer: Introduction: The Australian Consumer Law or the ACL is a substantial legislation for the protection of consumers in Australia, along with making certain that the businesses trade in a fair manner. Schedule 2 of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (CCA) contains the provisions regarding ACL (Coorey, 2015). The CCA provides the protection to the consumers from unfair contractual terms, unconscionable conduct, false representations, misleading and deceptive conduct, and various other unfair practices, which relate to the supply of goods and services, and even land (Corones, 2012). Section 3 of the ACL contains the definition of a consumer. As per this section of the ACL, an individual, who acquires goods or services, the amount of which does not exceed $40,000, or such a higher amount, which has been prescribed is a consumer, provided the goods or services have been acquired ordinarily for personal, household or domestic consumption or use (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). Section 18 of the ACL provides the restriction on individuals from engaging in such conduct, during the course of trade or commerce, which can be stated as being deceptive or misleading (Kolivos and Kuperman, 2012). This conduct is considered as being an unfair business practice as per the CCA. Section 18 can be used by the people who have been induced or persuaded by some other party to enter into the contract, as a result of the misrepresentations which were made when the negotiations took place, and which ultimately led to the formation of the contract. When such an incident occurs, the aggrieved party can apply for the requisite relief due to the deceptive or misleading conduct arising from the misrepresentation made (Federal Register of Legislation, 2013). In the matter of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Internet Pty Ltd (2013) FCAFC 37, certain advertisement was given by TPA in the newspaper. The court held that these advertisements were not only misleading, but deceptive as well, due to the single price which was displayed in the advertisements for the services undertaken by the individuals. The reality was very different from these advertisements, as for these services, the individuals were required to pay a number of other costs, which were deliberately withheld in the advertisement by TPA. Upon the matter being presented before the court, the ruling was given in favor of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission and it was held that the provisions of ACL were breached by TPA, as it engaged in misleading and deceptive conduct (High Court of Australia, 2013). In De Bortoli Wines Pty Ltd v HIH Insurance Ltd (in liquidation) Others [2012] FCAFC 28, it was held by the court that reliance had to be established on the misleading or deceptive conduct of the defendant, so that the provisions of the Trade Practices Act 1974 could be contravened. The Trade Practices Act 1974 is the former act of the ACL. Once the reliance is established, the court can award the required remedies to the plaintiff (Czoch and Whalebelly, 2012). As per section 29(1)(i) of this ACL, the individuals are considered to be involved in the unfair practices, where such individuals, during the course of trade or commerce, engage in the supply of goods or services and for promoting their goods or services, a false or misleading representation is made by the individuals in relation to the value, price, need, grade, standard or one of the other aspects of the services or products offered (Federal Register of Legislation, 2013). In Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Jetstar Airways Pty Ltd [2015] FCA 1263, it was held by the court that there was a failure on part of Virgin and Jetstar, and that too deliberate, regarding the disclosers made pertaining to the additional Booking and Service Fee. Moreover, these particular disclosures relating to the fee were made, only when the consumer had crossed a certain number of stages under the booking process. Due to these reasons, both Virgin and Jetstar were held too have breached the act as they made false or misleading representation, due to their engagement in the misleading dip pricing practice (Jade, 2015). Exclusion clauses are the clauses, which are inserted in the contract and which have the capability of limiting the liability of the party including the same in the contract. For the exclusion clause to have legal validity, the same has to be incorporated in the contract in a proper manner. In addition to this, an exclusion clause cannot limit the applicability or contradict any law. It is crucial that the exclusion clause is brought to the notice of the party against which the same is being inserted (Roach, 2016). L'Estrange v Graucob [1934] 2 KB 394 contained the ruling that it was irrelevant if the individual had read the exclusion clause or not, if the same has been signed, the same is applicable on the parties (Swarb, 2017). In Chapelton v Barry UDC (1940) 1 KB 532, the back of the ticket contained the exclusion clause and the same was not brought to the attention of the plaintiff. Due to these reasons, the same was held as being invalid (E-Law Resources, 2017a). In Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd (1971) 2 WLR 585, a similar ruling was given. In this case also, for the reasons of the exclusion clause being at the backside of the ticket, it was held to be invalid (E-Law Resources, 2017b). The exclusion clause has to be stated at the same place only, and cannot be referred to some other place, as was established in Thompson v London Midland Scottish Railway (1930) 1 KB 41 (E-Law Resources, 2017c). The ruling given in L'Estrange v Graucob has an exception. In case the signing part of the contract has been misrepresented or has been mislead regarding the terms of or the effects of the contract, the rule given in L'Estrange v Graucob does not apply. Application In Curtis v Chemical Cleaning and Dyeing Co [1951] 1 KB 805, when the claimant gave her dress to the cleaners, she was requested to sign a form. Upon enquiring about the same, she was told by the assistant that the form excluded the cleaners liability in case the beads are damaged. However, this exclusion clause limited the liability of the cleaner from all the damages. When the dress was returned as badly stained, the plaintiff sued the cleaner. In this case, it was held that due to the misrepresentation by the assistant, the cleaner could not rely upon the exclusion clause (Swarb, 2015). In the given case study, Brent paid a total sum of $12,000 for him and his wife for booking the tour. This amount is within the limits given in the ACL for a consumer, and so, as per ACL, Brent and his wife were consumers. When Brent was booking the tour, he came across the live chat, where he clearly stated his and his wifes condition and preferences, and only after the assurances were made regarding the same, did he book the tour. He was explicitly told that the river part of the tour was a leisurely 8-hour cruise down a river in Canada, which would suit him and his wife, particular because his wife would not swim. When the tour was started, on 9th day, they came across the river cruise, which required him to ride rafts, which was not mentioned in the itinerary. And there he was told that they would have to ride the rafts as it was the only way. This statement was different from the one made when booking the tour and hence, the same can be deemed as misleading and deceptive conduct, in addition to the same being false representation. It was falsely told to Brent that the ride would be cruise, when in reality it was rafts, which mislead him into entering the tour. As per Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Internet Pty Ltd, the information regarding the use of rafts was deliberately withheld by Rocky Tours and so, Brent was misled. And as per Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Jetstar Airways Pty Ltd, Brent came to know about the rafts only after he had reached the 9th day of the tour. Hence, both section of ACL, i.e., 18 and 29(1)(i) were beached and this action would be deemed as unfair trading on part of Rocky Tours. Moreover, the exclusion clause would not safeguard Rocky Tours due to the misrepresentation made in it, as per Curtis v Chemical Cleaning and Dyeing Co. Even if this misrepresentation was not made, the exclusion clause would have been invalid, as the same restricted the liability of Australian Consumer Law on them, even when they provided services to the consumers. Conclusion To conclude, the applicability of the Australian Consumer Law on this case has given Brent, the rights of a consumer. And the actions undertaken by Rocky Tours have breached the leading sections of the ACL. Also, Rocky Tours cannot be safeguarded by the exclusion clause and so, would be liable for the losses incurred by Brent. References Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2017) Competition And Consumer Act 2010 - Schedule 2. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/caca2010265/sch2.html [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Coorey, A. (2015) Australian Consumer Law. London, United Kingdom: LexisNexis Butterworths. Corones, S.G. (2012) The Australian Consumer Law. New South Wales: Lawbook Company. Czoch, K., and Whalebelly, R. (2012) Australia: DO: Shareholder reliance on misleading and deceptive conduct. [Online] Mondaq. Available from: https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/182340/Arbitration+Dispute+Resolution/DO+Shareholder+reliance+on+misleading+and+deceptive+conduct [Accessed on: 23/04/17] E-Law Resources. (2017a) Chapelton v Barry UDC [1940] 1 KB 532. [Online] E-Law Resources. Available from: https://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/cases/Chapelton-v-Barry.php [Accessed on: 23/04/17] E-Law Resources. (2017b) Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking [1971] 2 WLR 585 Court of Appeal. [Online] E-Law Resources. Available from: https://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Thornton-v-Shoe-Lane-Parking.php [Accessed on: 23/04/17] E-Law Resources. (2017c) Thompson v London, Midland and Scotland Railway Co [1930] 1 KB 41 Court of Appeal. [Online] E-Law Resources. Available from: https://e-lawresources.co.uk/Thompson-v-London%2C-Midland-and-Scotland-Railway-Co.php [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Federal Register of Legislation. (2013) Competition and Consumer Act 2010. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00620/Html/Volume_3#_Toc368657533 [Accessed on: 23/04/17] High Court of Australia. (2013) Australian Competition and Consumer Commission V TPG Internet Pty Ltd (M98/2013). [Online] High Court of Australia. Available from: https://www.hcourt.gov.au/assets/cases/m98-2013/M98-2013.pdf [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Jade. (2015) Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Jetstar Airways Pty Limited [2015] FCA 1263; (2016) ATPR 42-523. [Online] Jade. Available from: https://jade.io/j/?a=outlineid=418609 [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Kolivos, E., and Kuperman, A. (2012) Consumer law: Web of lies-legal implications of astroturfing. Keeping good companies, 64(1), p. 38. Roach, L. (2016) Card and James' Business Law. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Swarb. (2015) Curtis v Chemical Cleaning and Dyeing Co: CA 1951. [Online] Swarb. Available from: https://swarb.co.uk/curtis-v-chemical-cleaning-and-dyeing-co-ca-1951/ [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Swarb. (2017) LEstrange v F Graucob Limited: CA 1934. [Online] Swarb. Available from: https://swarb.co.uk/lestrange-v-f-graucob-limited-ca-1934/ [Accessed on: 23/04/17]

The Importance of Marketing and Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport Creating and Maintaining the Perfect Balance

Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a form of self-regulation incorporated into organizations which functions as an instrument by which the corporation examines and ensures its active conformity with the provisions of the law, ethical norms, and global practices (Sà ©guin and Parent, 2010). The main role of social initiatives is to uphold responsibility and promote a positive impact through its conduct towards the environment, customers, staff, the immediate community, and all members of the public domain.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Importance of Marketing and Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport: Creating and Maintaining the Perfect Balance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, CSR actively promotes the community’s growth and development and eradicates norms that harm the public, irrespective of legality. Although there is no single universally accepted def inition of CSR, it can be summarized as the intentional inclusion of public interest into corporate or organizational decision-making processes, and the honoring of the three corporate pillars: people, planet, profit. CSR ensures that a corporation goes beyond its legal requirements so as to handle staff with dignity, operate with integrity and ethics, respect human rights, sustain the environment for future generations, create strong positive relations with the surrounding communities, being responsible in the community, and a good ‘corporate citizen’ (Inoue, Kent, and Lee, 2011). For a long time, stakeholders have recognized the potential of sports venues and sporting activities to form a platform for undertaking CSR activities. This has resulted into most corporations engaging in some form of CSR activity in sporting events. However, companies have recently shifted their focus driven by profit motivations, and are beginning to move away from CSR related activities to focus more on increasing their profit margins through such undertakings (Inoue et al, 2011). Although both sponsorship and corporate social responsibility offer sources of funds, resources, and in-kind services to organizations, they differ in the nature of what they expect in exchange. Indeed, some scholars have suggested that marketing and corporate philanthropy sit at opposite ends of a donation continuum. While CSR involves noble donations that are made based on personal values and not on personal gain, corporate decisions to sponsor sport properties are normally driven by business objectives although they may include intention to generate public goodwill regarding the organization and hence lead either to publicity of the whole company or of some of its products (Sà ©guin and Parent, 2010). However, one thing is clear: both CSR and sponsorships help a company in its marketing initiatives. In fact, sponsorships can wholly be regarded as a marketing initiative.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Corporate social responsibility is becoming increasingly important to organizations, governments, and service providers as they strive to meet the challenges of social and economic problems while altering welfare environments and this can be attributed to a number of factors, economic, social, cultural, legal and technological and so on. However, according to Sà ©guin and Parent (2010), progress in this area is often hampered by the fact that the field is under researched even as corporations face new demands to improve their accountability, transparency, integrity, and ethical behavior while observing the interests of its staff and that of the general public. Indeed, a study by Ludwig and Karabetsos (1999) reported that few researchers have focused on how corporations and organizations can create an equilibrium between corporate social responsibili ty and marketing or sponsorship roles. The objective of this study is to identify the primary factors that influence a corporation’s involvement in CSR, and make recommendations on how a balance between marketing and corporate social responsibility can be achieved Methodology A mixed-methods approach was employed to analyze the motivation and level of involvement of corporations in CSR. A case study of teams participating in the NBA league in the United States was conducted to investigate the use of CSR in a major sporting event. Analysis looked at individual corporations’ contributions, sponsorship activities and the motivation for engaging in these activities. Both quantitative and qualitative measures were helpful in examining the research objective and drawing conclusions. The research incorporates the following: Data gathered from IRS Form 990, 990-PF, and 990-EZ Statistical F-tests Related polls and surveys Additional information from articles and other studies This research study examines sports foundations in the three major leagues across three quantitative measures: revenues, grants distributed, and net assets. Analyzing annual revenue gives incite into a foundation’s potential for generating income through contributions, gifts, or from charging fees for services. Grants distributed indicate the organization’s current involvement in CSR and net assets indicate their ability to support activities in the future. Assessing these three variables is essential in understanding a sports’ foundations level of CSR and its ability to engage in CSR in the future.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Importance of Marketing and Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport: Creating and Maintaining the Perfect Balance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The qualitative statistical methods used include One-Way ANOVA F-tests and Chi-Square/Contingency Table tests. These tests will determine the statistical significance of the relationships between CSR and different variable factors (including marketing and CSR roles). The ANOVA-test reveals if there is a significant difference between the level of contributions, profitability, and levels of CSR activities. Qualitative analysis focuses on the NBA and its recent spike in CSR activities. Conclusions are drawn from polls and surveys conducted by ESPN, and analysis of articles on the topic. Organizations normally fill Form 990, 990-PF, or 990-EZ with the IRS. The form details information on the corporation’s mission, programs, and finances. The goal of the qualitative methods is to determine the extent of CSR in the NBA, their impact on the league and players, and the factors that influence a franchise’s CSR decisions. Results and Discussion This study used a mixed-methods approach to develop an understanding of the involvement of professional sports franchises in CSR. The un derlying research question looked to identify the extent to which sports franchises engage in CSR and factors that influence this involvement. Quantitatively, this study proved that the league a corporation is involved in does impact its CSR activities. ANOVA tests showed that performance impacts the level of CSR. In the NBA, there is a relationship between winning and charitable grants distributed. Teams with a winning season attract a larger level of sponsors and donations from corporations than losing teams. Qualitatively, a case study of the NBA revealed that player perception and league image is a motivating factor in determining the league’s level of CSR. Hence, CSR activities impacted positively on player performance on the pitch. The question on the factors that influence corporations to engage in CSR was observed as an intervening, or confounding variable, as it featured strongly in both the ANOVA and quantitative analyses. Corporations that invested more in CSR acti vities experienced a steady increase in profitability and product awareness. Surveys conducted showed that persons who supported a particular team were more likely to purchase products from the sponsors. When faced with two options of purchasing two similar products, a person was more likely to purchase the sponsor’s product. Hence, it was concluded that marketing and profitability were major factors in corporations’ engagement in CSR activities. However, it was postulated that corporations’ engagement in sports is purely from a corporate social responsibility perspective and that the numerous benefits come automatically in virtue of the corporations’ CSR activities. Further research should be undertaken on this topic.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Future of CSR in Professional Sports Several theories have been put forward to explain why corporations engage in sporting activities. Some of these theories point to a corporation’s objective of increasing its involvement with the local community, to increase general public awareness of the company, to enhance the corporation’s image, to alter or influence public perception of the company, to block competition, to increase sales and/or market share, to increase product awareness, and to reach a target market (Mullin, Hardy, and Sutton, 2000). Either way, corporations need to establishing a perfect balance between CSR and marketing so that both the company and the public can benefit the corporation’s involvement in the event, rather than the current situation where corporations are the predominant winners in many sporting activities(Mullin et al., 2000). This balance can be achieved through the following strategies. Responsibility Corporations can create a balan ce between marketing and CSR by engaging in responsible advertising and in the dissemination of information. While the sponsors are accorded the rights to air advertisement of their products and engage in product awareness campaigns during sports events, corporations must refrain from running programs or commercials that may harm participants, the audience, and viewers in any way. This observation mainly applies to corporations that produce alcoholic products such as Heineken and Anheuser-Busch (Polonsky and Speed, 2001). Corporations should run responsible drinking programs at their own will and not just due to coercion or pressure. Similar policies should be adopted by tobacco manufacturers. This would create a balance between marketing and CSR. Life, Health, and Safety of all While signing sponsorship agreements, corporations should bear that every party within the particular sporting scene is important towards the successful staging of the event, be it the spectators, participan ts, or persons watching at home. Consequently, the corporations’ sponsorship package must include programs aimed at enhancing the lives, health, and safety of all parties involves whenever they can (Walker Kent, 2009). The activities could include programs to prohibit any doping practices; preventing accidents (or improving safety); providing medical care to the participants; workers and people involved in the organization of the games; prohibition of exploitation of Child Labour and forced Labour; and realization of buildings, equipment, and facilities in compliance with national and international laws and ILO Conventions (Polonsky and Speed, 2001). Environment Sustainability Sponsors must understand the effect of sports activities on nature as well as the flexibility of the natural area being used to withstand the various activities being undertaken during the sporting activities. Consequently, they must guarantee the highest level of safeguard of the territory and pursue the objectives of environmental improvement, taking into account the principles of sustainable development (Mullin et al., 2000). Environmental sustainability is spelt out in many policies pertaining to particular sports, for instance, in the Olympic Games, the Olympic Movement Agenda 21 focuses on the reinforcement of environmental education of youth during the games. Environmental sustainability is a very important subject and each sponsor must strive to play a role in enhancing environmental protection and conservation. Integrity and transparency Integrity, transparency, and participation should be viewed not as constraints, but rather as conditions of efficacy and efficiency, because they enhance the credibility and authority of the complex action of â€Å"governance† on which the success of the sports events hinges (Walker Kent, 2009). The corporation must embrace integrity and transparency in all of its activities in relation to the sponsorship deal. Conclusion A recen t shift in CSR activities has seen activities transform their corporate goodwill to a profit-motivated venture while sponsoring sporting activities. This shift has seen companies pay less attention to societal needs but engage in aggressive marketing techniques in total disregard to the well-being of the rest of the society. Consequently, there is an urgent need for companies to realign their sponsorship activities so that a balance is created between marketing and CSR. Elements such as responsibility, taking the matter of all stakeholders at heart, environmental sustainability, and integrity and transparency can significantly help in bringing back the balance between CSR and sponsorship of sporting activities among corporations. References Inoue, Y., Kent, A., and Lee, S. (2011). CSR and the Bottom Line: Analyzing the Link between CSR and Financial Performance for Professional Teams. Journal of Sport Management. In press, uncorrected proof.  . Ludwig, S. and Karabetsos, J.D. (199 9). Objectives and evaluation processes utilized by sponsors of the 1996 Olympic Games. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 8(1), 11–19. Mullin, B., Hardy, S. and Sutton, W. (2000). Sport Marketing (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinesics Polonsky, M.J. and Speed, R. (2001). Linking sponsorship and cause related marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 35(11/12), 1361–1385 Sà ©guin, B., and Parent, M. M. (2010). Corporate support: a corporate social responsibility alternative to traditional event sponsorship. Int. J. Sport Management and Marketing, 7(3/4), 522-30. Walker, M., Kent, A. (2009). Do fans care? Assessing the influence of corporate social responsibility on consumer attitudes in the sport industry. Journal of Sport Management, 23, 717-742. This research paper on The Importance of Marketing and Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport: Creating and Maintaining the Perfect Balance was written and submitted by user Fisher Hess to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Financial analysis of J Sainsbury PLC and Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC

Financial analysis of J Sainsbury PLC and Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC Introduction The law in most countries requires public companies to publish audited financial statements. These statements are used by various groups in making decisions about their interaction with an entity. Published financial statements provide the potential users with a narrow insight into the financial strengths and weaknesses of a business.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Financial analysis of J Sainsbury PLC and Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such a comprehensive view of a business is important as it would influence users’ decisions on whether to continue their association with the business. Ratio analysis is an important tool for analyzing the financial position of a company. The results of ratio analysis provide adequate information for evaluating the performance of a company. Choice of company and justification for the choice J Sainsbury PLC and Wm Morrison Supermarke ts PLC, based in the United Kingdom, are public limited companies that trade on the London Stock Exchange. Both companies operate in the United Kingdom’s retail industry. J Sainsbury PLC takes about 17.7 percent of the market share in the UK supermarket. Besides, it is the second largest chain of supermarkets in the industry after Tesco. The company has about 1,106 stores. The company employs about 152,000 employees in their stores (J Sainsbury PLC 2014a). On the other hand, Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC ranks fourth among the top five supermarkets in the UK retail industry with a market share of 11.3%. The company has presence in over 600 locations. The company engages about 132,000 employees (Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC 2014a). Retail industry in the United Kingdom is quite competitive and the top players engage in aggressive competition so as to increase their market share. The table presented below shows the recent statistics of market share of the United Kingdom’s retail industry. Company Market share 1 Tesco 30.1% 2 J Sainsbury PLC 17.7% 3 Asda 16.4% 4 Wm Morrison Supermarketss PLC 11.3% 5 Co-operative group 4.4% Others 20.1% The information on the market share can be presented in a pie chart as shown below. Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The two companies are a suitable choice for analysis because they are among the top five in the UK retail industry. Besides, the companies have operated in the retail industry since 1800s. This implies that they have experienced and survived the swings in the economy over a long period of time. The paper seeks to carry out a comparative financial analysis of Sainsbury and Morrison Supermarkets for a period of five years, that is, between 2008 and 2012. Critical analysis of the ratios Profitability ratios J Sainsbury PLC 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Net Margin % 1.5 3 2.93 3.03 2.68 2.63 Return on Assets % 2.87 5.6 5.75 5.04 4.91 Return on Equity % 6.21 12.52 12.32 10.82 10.81 Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC Net Margin % 3.17 3.88 3.84 3.91 3.57 Return on Assets % 5.8 7.04 7.06 7.26 6.35 Return on Equity % 10.34 12.63 12.19 12.76 12.18 Source of data Morningstar, Inc. 2014b; Morningstar, Inc. 2014a; J Sainsbury PLC 2014b; Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC 2014b The net profit margin of Sainsbury increased by a small percentage during the five years. The net profit margin increased between 2008 and 2010. However, in 2011 and 2012, the company reported a decline in the value of the ratio. The same trend was observed in the values of return on assets and return on equity. In the case of Morrisons, The profitability ratios increased between 2008 and 2011. In 2012, the company reported a decline in the value of profitability ratios. Further, it can be noted that the profitability ratios for Morrisons are higher than those of Sainsbury. This implies that Morrison Supermarket is more efficient in managing pricing and the cost of operations. It also implies that the Morrison Supermarket is more efficient in using assets and shareholders’ fund to generate sales and net profit than Sainsbury (Atrill 2009). Further, both companies reported a decline in profitability in 2012. This may indicate that there was a decline in profitability within the industry. The graph presented below shows the trend of profitability ratio for the two companies. In the graph above and subsequent graphs, ‘J’ represents line graphs for J Sainsbury PLC while ‘Wm’ represented line graphs for Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Financial analysis of J Sainsbury PLC and Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Liquidity ratios J Sainsbury PLC 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Current Ratio 0.55 0.66 0.59 0.65 0.61 Quick Ratio 0.26 0.36 0.27 0.31 0.25 Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC Current Ratio 0.53 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58 Quick Ratio 0.25 0.19 0.21 0.21 0.2 The liquidity ratios for Sainsbury fluctuated during the five year period. The current and quick ratio for the company increased between 2008 and 2009. However, in 2010, the company reported a decline in the liquidity ratios. The values improved in 2011 and later declined in 2012. In the case of Morrison Supermarket, the current and quick ratio declined in 2009, the values later improved in the subsequent years. The liquidity ratios for Sainsbury PLC are higher than those of Morrison Supermarket. This implies that Sainsbury is more efficient in paying current debt than Morrison Supermarket. The information in the table also reveals that the current and quick ratios for both companies are less than one. This implies that the current asset of both companies cannot adequately pay the current liabilities (Brigham Houston 2007; Brigham Ehrhardt 2009). This can be attributed to the industry in which the companies operate. Companies operating in retail industry often have low liquidity ratios due to the nature of their businesses. The graph presented shows the liquidity ratios for the two companies. Gearing ratios J Sainsbury PLC 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Financial Leverage 2.29 2.19 2.1 2.19 2.21 Debt/Equity 0.5 0.47 0.43 0.46 0.46 Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC Financial Leverage 1.82 1.77 1.69 1.83 2.01 Debt/Equity 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.3 0.46 The gearing ratios focus on the amount of debt in the capital structure of a company. A high value of gearing ratio implies that a company has a high amount of debt in the capital structure. The financial leverage for Sainsbury ranged between 2.1 and 2.29 during the five year period while the value of debt to equity ratio ranged between 0.43 and 0.50. It can be observed that there was a general decline in the value of the gearing ratio. In the case of Morrison Supermarket, the financial leverage ranged between 1.69 and 2.01. It can also be observed that the company experienced an increase in the financial leverage over the years. Debt to equity ratio for the company ranged between 0.19 and 0.46. The two companies reported a decline in the value of gearing ratios between 2008 and 2010. However, in 2011 and 2012, the value of the ratios increased. The trend can be attributed to the economic meltdown that was reported in late 2008. The companies required external funding to finance operations (Brigham Houston 2007; Brigham Ehrhardt 2009).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It can also be pointed out that the gearing ratios for Sainsbury are higher than those of Morrison Supermarket. This explains the low profitability of the company. It also increases the risk of the shareholders’ fund (Collier 2009). The graph presented below show the trend of the gearing ratios. Investment ratios J Sainsbury PLC 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Price/Earnings 19.7 11.9 9 10.8 11.6 Price/Book 1.4 1.4 1 1.2 1.2 Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC Price/Earnings - 12.9 13 9.7 10.6 Price/Book - 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.2 The investment ratios are used as a measure of valuation of shares of a company. The ratios compare the price of shares and various attributes such as earnings, book value of assets, cash flow and sales (Haber 2004). The investment ratios for Sainsbury declined between 2008 and 2010. There was a decline in the value of the ratios between 2011 and 2012. In the case of Morrison Supermarkets, the value of the investment ratios increased between 2009 a nd 2010. There was a decline in the value of the ratios in 2011. In the table, it can be noted that the investment ratios for the two companies are relatively equal. Therefore, an investor may be indifferent about which company to invest in based on the investment ratios. The price/earnings ratio measures the market value per share in relation to its earnings while price to book ratio measures the stock price of shares of a company in relation to book value of the assets (Holmes, Sugden Gee 2005). The graph presented below shows the trend of investment ratios over the five years. Weaknesses of ratios There are a number of weaknesses of ratios. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account some of these weaknesses when using ratios as the main tool for comparing the financial performance of two companies. First, it is difficult to use a set of industry average ratios when analyzing large companies that have different business segment which fall in different industries. This creat es a major challenge when using industry average ratios to compare performance of such companies. The second weakness is that inflation distorts the financial statements of companies. Thus, using ratios to analyze the performance of a company or a group of companies in different regions may be a challenge (McLaney Atrill 2008). In such cases, an analyst may need to use personal judgement to evaluate the performance of a business. The third weakness of ratios is that it is highly distorted by seasonal factors. It is quite difficult to incorporate the impact of seasonal factors when analyzing the financial performance of a business using ratios. For instance a company may report a sporadic increase in sales of a certain product during a one season such as winter. This will distort the ratios calculated. Therefore, an analyst may be required to have prior knowledge of the seasonal factors that affects a business before using ratios to analyze the financial performance of such a busine ss (Siddiqui 2005). The fourth weakness of ratio analysis is that the use of different accounting practices hinders the ability to use ratios to analyze the performance of a company using ratios. For instance, when carrying out inventory valuation one company may decide to use FIFO while another company may use weighted average. This may make it difficult to use ratios to compare the two companies. The fifth weakness is that different ratios under the same category may give differing positions on the performance of a company. Thus, it may be difficult to give a generalized view of the performance of a company. For instance, under profitability ratios, net profit margin may indicate that the profitability of a company is declining over time while return on assets may indicate that the profitability of a company is increasing over time. This makes it difficult to give a conclusive decision on the performance of a company. Finally, some ratios may be difficult to interpret some ratios as to whether they are good or bad. For instance, high liquidity ratios may be interpreted as good or bad (Vance 2003). Conclusion and recommendation The paper carried out a comparative financial analysis of J Sainsbury PLC and Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC for a period of five years, that is, between 2008 and 2012. Analysis of market share indicates that Sainsbury has a larger market share than Morrison Supermarkets in the UK retail industry. Further, analysis of profitability indicates that Morrison Supermarket is more profitable than Sainsbury. Based on liquidity, it can be noted that Sainsbury has a better liquidity position than Morrison. Further, the gearing level of Morrison Supermarkets is lower than that of Sainsbury. Finally, the investment ratios for the two companies are fairly equal. Thus, analysis of the two companies shows that they have a fairly equal financial standing. In terms of market share and liquidity, Sainsbury is superior to Morrison Supermarket. However, in terms of profitability and gearing, it can be pointed out that Morrison Supermarket is superior to Sainsbury. An investor is likely to base his decision on profitability, gearing level and investment ratios. Thus, Morrison Supermarket will be the most suitable company to invest in. The paper also discussed the various shortcomings of use of ratio analysis. Even though it is a suitable for comparing the financial performance of various companies, a lot of personal judgment is required when using the tool. References Atrill, P 2009, Financial management for decision makers, Prentice Hall, USA. Brigham, E Ehrhardt, M 2009, Financial management theory and practice, Cengage Learning, USA. Brigham, E Houston, J 2007, Fundamentals of financial management, Cengage Learning, USA. Collier, P 2009, Accounting for managers, John Wiley Sons Ltd, USA. Haber, R 2004, Accounting demystified, American Management Association, New York. Holmes, G, Sugden, A Gee, P 2005, Interpreting company repor ts, Prentice Hall, USA. J Sainsbury PLC 2014a, About us, j-sainsbury.co.uk/about-us/. J Sainsbury PLC 2014b, Annual report and financial statements 2013, j-sainsbury.co.uk/media/1616189/sainsburys_ara.pdf. McLaney, E Atrill, P 2008, Financial accounting for decision makers, Prentice Hall, USA. Morningstar, Inc. 2014a, Sainsbury (J) PLC, http://financials.morningstar.com/income-statement/is.html?t=SBRYregion=gbrculture=en-USownerCountry=USA. Morningstar, Inc. 2014b, Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC, http://financials.morningstar.com/income-statement/is.html?t=MRWSFregion=usaculture=en-USownerCountry=USA. Siddiqui, A 2005, Managerial economics and financial analysis, New Age International (P) Limited, New Delhi. Vance, D 2003, Financial analysis and decision making: Tools and techniques to solve, McGraw-Hill books, United States. Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC 2014a, About us, morrisons-corporate.com/About-us/. Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC 2014b, Financial reports, morrisons-corporate.com/ Investor-centre/Financial-reports/.

Definition and Examples of Agreement in English Grammar

Definition and Examples of Agreement in English Grammar In grammar, agreement is the correspondence of a verb with its subject in person and number, and of a pronoun with its antecedent in person, number, and gender.  Another term for grammatical agreement is concord. Basic Principles In English, agreement is relatively limited. It occurs between the subject of a clause and a present tense verb, so that, for instance, with a third-person singular subject (e.g. John), the verb must have the -s suffix ending. That is, the verb agrees with its subject by having the appropriate ending. Thus, John drinks a lot is grammatical, but John drink a lot isnt grammatical as a sentence on its own, because the verb doesnt agree. Agreement also occurs in English between demonstratives and nouns. A demonstrative has to agree in number with its noun. So with a plural noun such as books, you have to use a plural these or those, giving these books or those books. With a singular noun, such as book, you use a singular this or that, giving this book or that book. This books or those book would be ungrammatical because the demonstrative doesnt agree with the noun.–Jame R. Hurford, Grammar: A Students Guide. Cambridge University Press, 1994 Keeping Track of Details Agreement is an important process in many languages, but in modern English it is superfluous, a remnant of a richer system that flourished in Old English. If it were to disappear entirely, we would not miss it, any more than we miss the similar -est suffix in Thou sayest. But psychologically speaking, this frill does not come cheap. Any speaker committed to using it has to keep track of four details in every sentence uttered: And all this work is needed just to use the suffix once one has learned it.–Steven Pinker, The Language Instinct. William Morrow, 1994 whether the subject is in the third person or not: He walks versus I walk.whether the subject is singular or plural: He walks versus They walk.whether the action is present tense or not: He walks versus He walked.whether the action is habitual or going on at the moment of speaking (its aspect): He walks to school versus He is walking to school. Tricky Nouns Some nouns are commonly used with singular verbs although plural in form: Some nouns are commonly plural in usage, even though naming something singular.–Patricia Osborn, How Grammar Works. John Wiley, 1989 news, politics, economics, athletics, molassesnouns that state a given time, weight, or amount of energytitles of books, newspapers, television shows, even of plural formHis trousers were old and torn.The suds are almost down the drain.Scissors are a great invention.The contents were ruined. Examples Many dogs are made anxious by loud noises.An anxious dog is not able to focus and maintain attention.Dogs and cats are the most common pets.A dog and a cat are in our house.Usually, either the dog or the cat is in my room.Abandoning a dog or a cat is grossly irresponsible. Examples and Observations Bill Bryson The manager was one of those people who are so permanently and comprehensively stressed that even their hair and clothes appear to be at their wits end.–The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid. Broadway Books, 2006 James Van Fleet I have read statistics that show only five out of every 100 people become financially successful. By the retirement age of 65, only one of these people is truly wealthy.–Hidden Power. Prentice-Hall, 1987 Maxine Hong Kingston She brought back another woman, who wore a similar uniform except that it was pink trimmed in white. This womans hair was gathered up into a bunch of curls at the back of her head; some of the curls were fake.–The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts. Alfred A. Knopf, 1976 Bell Hooks Feminist activists must emphasize the forms of power these women exercise and show ways they can be used for their benefit.–Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center, 2nd ed. Pluto Press, 2000 Agreement in Radio TR: I dont know. Understanding guys dont mean you should live with them. SS: Lester... TR: What? SS: Understanding guys doesnt mean you should live with them. TR: Thats what I said. SS: Lester, subjects, and verbs have to be in agreement. The subject of that sentence is not guys, its understanding, and understanding, which is a gerund, by the way, is singular and it takes a singular verb. TR: I got no idea what youre talking about.–Tom Keith and Sue Scott in English Majors. A Prairie Home Companion, May 18, 2002

Business Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Letter - Essay Example However, I am very confident that these damages are not due to mishandling. In line with this, I am requesting you to look into this matter. In order to handle customer complaints, I would also like to gain an assurance from you that immediate delivery of replacements will be undertaken. Statement of Purpose: After conducting a thorough investigation and analysis, this report aims to recommend possible solution to the human resource problems faced by the Roanoke Branch of Pheonix Advertising. Pattern of Organization: This informal report will utilize the "cause and effect" approach. The human resource problems of the branch will first be identified followed by their causes. This approach is necessary as this will become lay the foundation on how identified problem will be solved. Outline I. Causes of Low Employee Morale A. Heavy workload 1. Increasing demand from customers 2. Low manpower B. Low compensation 1. Unpaid overtimes 2. Less than average salary levels C. Rejection of creative efforts 1. Acceptance solely based on directors, account supervisors, and executive 2. Lack of artist discretion D. Lack of motivation 1. No sense of belongingness to the company 2. Lack of rewards and incentives II. Recommended Solutions to Boost Employee Performance A. Employee empowerment 1. Include the artists in discussions 2. Give the artists more discretion B. New compensation package 1. Industry rates 2. Pay for overtimes C. Non-monetary rewards 1. Recognitions for job well done 2. Spa and Leisure packages for accomplishments

Answer 4 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Answer 4 questions - Essay Example After the dinner, each of the artist stands beside their work and Frida, Pablo and Claude visit them at different times. The new artists give an explanation regarding the source of inspiration on their work and these famous artists give their comments regarding the work of the new artists. Being in the field before, they are viewed to be more experienced and therefore their comments are important for the new artists to guide them through their artistic journey (Berghaus, 2000). Postmodernism is regarded as rejection of sovereign individual who is autonomous and emphasizing on anarchic collective experience that is autonomous. It is a deviation from modernism in explaining reality. Postmodernism in architecture refers to replacement of formalized and functional spaces and shapes of the modern style by aesthetics that are diverse. On the other hand, postmodernism in literature explains the representation of ideologies and styles using downright, unrealistic and impossible plots, unreliable narrators and dark humor. Examples of postmodernism in the last four Fiero chapters are in the explanation for quest for meaning and identity and liberation. Fiero in this case examines the mood of anxiety and alienation reflected arts and for identity and liberation, offers a relationship between ethnicity and visual arts. Postmodernism is reflected in the assessment of global movements for racial, political and gender equality. Postmodernism music is music that disregard s formality and focuses on creativity. Postmodernism therefore is different from modernism, romanticism and realism due to its aesthetic nature (Somigli & Moroni 2004). Jazz is mainly an art of the performers and not of the performers because its presentation majorly depends on how well it is performed regardless of how it is composed. Jazz is primarily defined by the voice of its performers and only secondarily by the contribution made by the composers. It has more technical musical activities that can

Poor Lifestyle Essay Example for Free

Poor Lifestyle Essay In the modern world, the modern urbanites are living in a tense community. Consequently, they might have different kinds of poor lifestyle in their life. According to Woods (2010), poor lifestyles always include smoking, drinking, poor diet and lack of exercise, which perhaps lead to a higher chance of cancer. However, it could be environmental pollution. Health plays an important role in people’s life. Therefore, it is essential to choose the right food or the right healthier way in your life. Moreover, environmental pollution could influence people in their lives as well. This essay will discuss about health issue on quality of life and how environmental pollution affects human’s lives nowadays. On the one hand, the healthy diet is more and more popular in this society. Hamer, Molloy and Stamatakis (2008) claim that there is a connection between the level of physical activity and diet or nutrition that people consume from the different foods. When a person eats immoderately, the calorie would be transformed to fat or cholesterol which is harmful for people’s health. It means that they will become overweight or obese. There are some dangerous factors if they are suffering obesity such as cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, body pain, being out of breath, easily tired and disability. Although people also eat a great deal of fruits or some natural food at the same time, it might be produced some harmful effects. For instance, eating too much animal fat is a main cause of sickness or ill health also our bodies need a little but most of us eat too much. Some people know saturated fat. Therefore, it could make the person get a disease and be overweight (BBC n.d.). However, there are numbers of fats in fish, chicken, eggs, turkey, duck, beans, dog, lentils and foods made from these. Unsaturated fat may be better for the people, but eating too much fat of any type can gain their weight. It is better to buy a small amount of lean meat rather than fatty meat or solid fat. The best way is to eat more fish or different kinds of nutritional food and do not forget to get a high iron intake by eating something like liver and bitter foods. Some traditional meal, they use pulses provide good nutrition, to reduce the use of animals fat in the cooking. (Morbidity, Mortality, 1996) On the other hand, environmental pollution could lead to poor lifestyle as well. The pollution could happen in many different sources such as contaminate water, air, and light. At first, the indoor air pollution will make children and teenager getting diseases. Cooking and heating with solid fuels on some open fires or traditional stoves will produce small particles and carbon monoxide, especially for young children and women. According to the Global Health Risks, indoor air pollution leads to 2.7% of world diseases. (WTO n.d.) Furthermore, air pollution also leads to higher temperature and green house effect. Take Chicago as an example. Many residents feel like it is too dangerous because of the high humidity and air pollution. People with pulmonary and respiratory diseases are very sensitive so they should limit their activitiesï ¼Ë†CDT, 2011ï ¼â€°. Secondly, water pollution would threaten tap water quality. According to the EWG, the biggest sources of contaminants are agriculture and industry. The environmental group finds the water that people drink everyday which contains about 260 chemical contaminants altogether. The pollution will be more dangerous to the citizens and pose a great threat on the human beings. (Larry West, n.d) As suggested above, environmental pollution is divided into several aspects, such as air pollution and water pollution, which might contribute to poor lifestyle. Nevertheless, every kind of pollution will damage our lifestyle so people should be aware of the risks. In addition, the government ought to lay down some laws to stop air pollution. This is because it could avoid deterioration of contamination. However, in developing countries , where pollution is strictly regulated, it still has much more things need to do. In conclusion, health and environmental pollution have a huge effect in the life. Air pollution is known to could affect people’s health as well.If a person had good health, they can do anything they want. As a result, people need to be care about their diet and lifestyle. It could save their health and lead the people more happy. Nevertheless, environmental pollution could affect the person. Even though the people are healthy. All show that poor lifestyle is unhealthy in this community. Reference: 1. Hamer M, Molloy GJ, Stamatakis E. (2008) Psychological Distress as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Events J Am Coll Cardiol. 52:2156-2162 2. Woods T. (2010) , Poor Lifestyle Means Poor life Span, [online] Available at: http://www.emaxhealth.com/1357/poor-lifestyle-means-poor-life-span.html [Accessed 1 August 2011] 3. BBC n,d, The risks of a poor diet and being overweight [online] Available at:[Accessed 31 July 2011] 4. Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report. June 14, 1996; 45 (RR-9):1-33.Guidenlines for School Health Programs to Promote Lifelong Healthy Eating. 5. WTO, n.d, Indoor air pollution, [online] Available at: [Accessed 2 August 2011] 6. CDT, (2011) Pollution alert today, heat index could reach 100 degree, [online] Available at: [Accessed 2 August 2011] 7. Larry West, n.d, Tap Water in 42 States Contaminated by Chemicals, [online] Available at: [Accessed 2 August 2011]

Teaching Philosophy :: Teachers Education School Essays

Teaching Philosophy Education is the foundation of each person's knowledge, skill, talent, and understanding. Each and every person in the world has benefited in some way from the act of another person teaching him or her something, whether it is inside or outside of the classroom. Truly, people learn a great deal from experiences outside of the classroom, but a school provides the means and foundation for education, and everybody takes away more than facts and answers from it. A school gives someone the opportunity to think, challenge him or herself, solve problems, and search for answers. It is where people discover how to learn on their own and, in doing so, they can take this with them into the "real world," since learning is a never-ending process. Teaching for me isn't an act of lecturing and dispensing facts, answers, and an endless amount of information. Rather, it is an interactive process where I can give my students the greatest opportunity to think on their own and begin to learn how to discover answers on their own. As a teacher, I am concerned with providing the tools for learning, rather than the facts and answers to problems. My students need to be actively engaged in their own learning process and in the discovery of answers. Learning is a continual process through life. My goal is to provide my students with the appropriate tools so they can take them into the world and continue to use them after leaving my classroom. They should never be without the tools to discover, solve, and experiment in their own lives. If they should ever, at some point in life, stop in their pursuit to discover a new idea, then I have not one my job successfully. It is my job as the teacher to get my students to find the answers to questio ns they do not know. Just as I say I never want my students to stop learning, the same applies for myself. Teaching isn't just a profession for me; rather it is a foundation for learning. Teaching allows me to continue learning new concepts and ideas. There are so many new discoveries found everyday, and teaching allows me to share these new ideas with my students in the classroom to not only enlighten them, but to enlighten myself as well. Teaching allows me to grow with my students and is never a static job.

Reasons for Change

Lowes is one of several organizations well known as a home store which, draws customers that’s homeowners interested in do it yourself home projects or contractors. According to research Lowes has employed over 238,000 people, with the economy taking a turn for the worst Lowes was also affected. Which caused them to lay off over 1,700 employees in 2010. Many were in manager positions that had been with the company for years and was hired during a time when business was booming.Lowes decided by laying off full time higher paid employees that it would benefit the organization as a whole by replacing them with part time employees. Lowes intended on hiring 8,000 to 10,000 part time sales associates between the 1,725 stores statewide. These workers would be paid less due to their positions being entry level for instance sales associates that would be paid a lot less. Part time employees would not be entitled to any benefits such as: health insurance, 401k, retirement, and etc.Altho ugh, most Lowes would possibly lose one manager position the store would be given 4-8 part time workers to compensate for the loss. The manager that lost their jobs would be compensated by receiving severance pay and assistance with job placement. Those workers that wasn’t laid off witness how some employees received pay cuts depending on their position. One of Lowes competitor is Home Depot which was placed in and unfortunate situation that led them to laying off many employees. This lead to them letting go full time employees and replacing them with part time associates that was paid less.As a result Home Depot received a lot of back lash due to this decision. Lowes was advised to pay close attention to how their customers react to the many changes. Because, the changes made within the organization will affect employees and customers. Lowes took a chance on downsizing and reconstructing which had a 46% success rate according to research (Leban & Stone,2008). By Lowes making these changes it allowed them the opportunity to lay off higher paid employees while replacing them with lower paid sales associate’s within the organization.The purpose for this change was to save the organization money while continuing to accommodate their customers by maintain good customer service. Another reason Lowes felt it was essential to make changes within the organization was because, of the economy and the downturn that effected the construction industry. Lowes receiving over half of their business from construction industry so when business slows up so does Lowes. Some of Lowes customers are homeowners also which was affected by the turn in the economy which caused them to do fewer home repairs.Lowes organizational change could have been categorized by total quality management. Lowes began to focus mainly on the sales associates and how they interacted with the customers. Due to the middle managers not previously playing a major role within the organization. Lo wes decided that the middle managers that’s not managing a department or currently working on the floor that remained on with them was instructed to monitor the sales associates. The organization strategy was to hire more part time workers to better serve their customers while building a rapport while becoming a asset to the organization.When reconstructing and downsizing, quality management driven change will work well due to the success rate being 37% ( Leban & Stone, 2008). With the economy going downhill it would benefit Lowes to increase their prices however, it may not be wise at this time. Although, changes would be essential to too save money within the organization. Once Lowes made major changes within the organization they increased its quarterly profit by 17% from the previous year (Portillo,2011). According to research within the first 9 months in 2005 profits increased by 3.5% (Portillo, 2011).One must question how Lowes was able to lay off some of their full tim e managers and hire many more part time workers. This change occurred when the economy was bad and a lot of people had already lost their jobs. Lowes was looking for a way out that would benefit their organization as a whole. Their solution was done with hopes of saving money while increasing profits. This change has made a difference thus far and hopefully in the near future they will be able to promote part time employees and offer benefits.

Work for something

â€Å"Hannah Paramour, on keeping Strengths from Running Amok â€Å"The New York Time Business Day Bryant starts the article by introducing Hannah Paramour , which is the present of Paramour , the digital Agency . The article then goes in to a series of question asked by Bryant to Paramour, the first question asked was where you In leadership roles when you were younger . Paramour answered the question by saying that if you asked her mother or teacher in high school she would know as being a rebel , but always in charge and that everyone in her family is always willing to take on unreasonable mount of responsibility.Bryant then followed that question up with asking what Paramour study in college at that time she told him she was a classical- piano major because she had studied the Plano her whole life and that she found out in college that while practicing one thing for three hours a day eight hours a day was something new and was a whole other thing. Paramour felt that it didn't f it her personality and that she had a certain level of skill but it wasn't what she really wanted to do and she was going to have to figure how to make money so she never graduated and went right to work.Bryant then asked what work she did and was told that she had terrible Jobs for the longest time and they all were Just at an entry- level. Paramour said that when she started working for a life Insurance estate- planning she started to get promoted very fast but still wasn't happy and was getting the work done but aggressive and there was a lot of passive-aggressive going on, and that it felt weird because she kept getting promoted. Paramour says that once dot- comes came along she got an opportunity with a startup cityscapes. Mom and that it was exciting and new and got to try new things. Paramour also says that she learned a lot about transparency and getting people aligned behind a goal and letting them know what's going on In the organization. At that time she decided to start her own business and that she didn't have a great business plan but decided being on her own was safer and that she learned she didn't want to be with any company that want going to deliver what they said they would.Bryant then asked what Paramour has learned about culture as her company has grown she answered saying by asking have you heard the theory that weakness is a strength taken too far. Then said the best examples would be that they allowed dog In the office and at one point they had nine dogs In the office and at one point she Just had clarity no more dogs. She says you do the little things to build culture in a company but you have to be k with saying something may have went too far.Bryant then goes on asking about the hiring, interview process and is Paramour could interview somebody in five minutes what she would asked she answer by saying she's not the best interviewer because she is very optimistic and she tend to project herself on other to try and sell them. But she always goes through the core values and explain how they were written and responsibility.Paramour then goes on to say if she could interview someone for only five minutes she would ask â€Å"how old where you when you got your first Job â€Å"the reason she says she would ask this is because she would rather have someone that ad to work all throughout college then someone who got scholarship and right to MBA program then she would ask why they left their old Job Just to see if they told the truth. The last question asked by Bryant was what advice would you give to allege student the answer was get a Job, get started because most people don't know what their passion is Just starting out.Paramour ended with that she had ability to see trends and that she was fast at solving problems and that if it wasn't right they would fix it but it would be fast. After reading this article I can relate to some of what Paramour is saying , with the whole going to college and realizing what you had plan would change I new for me it would be a little harder with going to school working full time and having two small children and everything that they are involved in.I would of never in a million years think I would change what I was studying until I started to work in the medical field and realized that's it not what I wanted to do the rest of my life so I switched to something I knew I enjoyed doing when I worked for a big retail company and that was getting to know the business and human resource of the company. I also like how the culture was built with the company do think it's a little crazy to have dogs in an office let alone nine of them I could see where this could go wrong and could cause a bad work environment.I also had to do interviews when worked for target UT there was a guild line that we had to go by and I don't think it allowed us to get clear picture of the employee seeking work and I think being direct and straight forward would give you and the employee to h ave a chance to be honesty with one another and me personal I would rather have an honesty employee over someone that is Just going to tell me what I want to hear.I like the fact that Bryant asked if you only have five minutes what question would you ask in an interview and that Paramour said she would ask how hold the person was when the got there first Job, cause to me it shows a level of determination and responsibility and a lot about a person and that they have goals set for their self and everything wasn't handed to them.I do agree with the advice Paramour gives at the end of the article and that was to get a Job and get started, because I can say when I was 18-19 1 thought I know what I wanted to do in life but have problem changes my mind about 100 times before I really knew what it was that I wanted to do and what goals to have set for myself.Even to this day I have goals that I have not meet that I have set for myself but that isn't mean I'm not still working towards them or that I don't think I can do it also the harder you have to work for something the better work you will do and the more you appreciate things more in life and the better you will be at seeing your full potently and reaching your goal out of life. After reading this article/ interview I was able to take away that its k to change your mind and to make decision based on what's going to make you happy and to make goals and to Just go for it because you never know what the outcome could be.Also that as long as you can make a decision even if it was wrong as long as you made it fast and could fix it that it wasn't a big because it shows that things change in life and as long as you can either go with it or adapt to the change and then realize what's best for you in the long run then go with it cause the outcome could be so rewarding in the end or even be a better one. I feel as this article relates to this class because it talks about her leadership, the culture she built into the compa ny as well as her hiring technique as a manager as well what are some of e important question to ask in an interview .

MBA Admission Essay

MBA Admission Essay MBA Admission Essay Some of the essay questions hide inside ethical conflicts. Admission committee is not interested in your moral standards and considerations, or in your personal files, above all, they want to understand from your admission essay how you cansettle difficult problems. In other words, business schools are looking for people rather smart and clever than good one. Usually, such types of questions contain dilemmas. You need to keep in mind that there are no right or wrong answers, but there are good or bad college admission essays. For example, if your essay question is to describe how you fought with yourself in a search for the right decision, it isn't a dilemma. The dilemma should have two possible answers, two results, or two argumentations because these two possible answers can be equally strong. The most acceptable way for writing admission essay is to find a compromise which will satisfy everybody. Of course, it is not easy to come up with a compromise, especially when it is not evident, thus, it requires a lot of thinking to find it. Even if you didn't find the compromise while writing an essay, don't be upset. Your points of view raised in admission essay should be supported by reasonable arguments. While writing a college essay, try to justify your own points of view. Describe what would you do in a case of negative circumstances of the decision you've made. MBA admission essays are your chance to demonstrate your unique qualification. MBA admission essay is an essential part of the admission process and you should devote enough time to writing it: Admission Essay Topics The most difficult task of admission essay writing is finding a proper topic. Of course, it is easier to find a solution for a known problem than for a situation you will never face. That is why you need to cover only real situations and provide real example. For example, you work at nonprofit organization which helps people with AIDS disease. There was a transfer of large amount of money and you've found out that this was a result of governmental mistake. What would you do? Would you save this money for the sake of ill people or report about the mistake? Possible answers may be as follows in your essay. You've decided to reserve money explaining that they'll bring more benefits for ill people. And the second one is your decision to report about this mistake because you are not entitled to solve matters governmental money distribution.The compromise may be the following. You write a proposal about how additional money might be used. Then you find generous sponsors and show them your proposal. Finally, governmental money returns to the true owner. If you don't find the compromise while writing a college admission essay, choose the most acceptable decision from your perspective. However, remember that your argumentation has to be strong, interesting, and carefully justified. Order Admission Essay Writing Help If you need an admission essay and do not know how to start writing it, you have found a place to ask for assistance. Ordering custom admission essay writing service at .com, you receive impressive college essay which gains the attention from the first lines! Do not lose this chance to improve your grades without any efforts! Read also: Self Critique Essay Assignments for Sale Custom Beowulf Essay Essay Assignment Essay Company

The Dos and Donts of Job Hunting While Youre At Work

The Dos and Donts of Job Hunting While Youre At Work One problem with job hunting when you work in an open office is the lack of privacy, which can be reminiscent of a college dorm. Since you can’t put up your own partitions, learning how to use stealth moves while job searching can help you. There are ways to practice your stealth without putting on a fake nose and eyeglasses while pretending to be a visitor to the office, and these tips can help you out. Handling Phone Calls at the OfficeSince you can’t hold a conversation with a recruiter using only words such as uh-huh or no, talking to a recruiter while at the office is not a good idea. It is a better idea to set your phone on voicemail, and give the recruiter a callback when you are somewhere else, whether it’s another part of the building or at a local cafe during lunch hour. The main point is to keep others in your office from knowing you are job searching, or the next person who finds out about it might be your boss.Using Company Phones or Other EquipmentI f you are using a company phone to receive or make phone calls about job listings, you might as well go ahead and put up a banner that says you are job hunting. Other employees might overhear those phone calls and deduce that you are job hunting. In addition, many employers monitor computer use in the event employees are playing on the Internet instead of working, and finding that an employee has been checking the job classifieds could be problematic. Don’t use company phones or emails to contact others about job openings. Instead, only use your personal phone number and email to job hunt.Keeping It PrivateWhile you may have friends among your coworkers, the fastest way for the news to get around that you are job hunting is to share that information in the office. If you feel you have a friend in the office whom you can absolutely trust, you should still think twice before taking that person into your confidence.Social Media MistakesEmployers frequently check social media emp loyee accounts, LinkedIn and other sites to see what employees are doing. If you have updated your profile or resume, it might end up reported back to your boss. Turning off features that broadcast updates and making your information private can help. Actively broadcasting that you are job hunting on social media websites is a bad idea and would be better left to private messaging only to individuals you trust.Advertising on Job BoardsAdvertising on job boards lets you job hunt while keeping your personal information private. While this may not be the best way to job hunt, since an employer has to actively search for someone with your qualifications, it is one way to keep the news that you are job hunting from the eyes of your current employer.Updating Your ResumeIf you need to update your resume and don’t want to post it to LinkedIn or other sites where this might be discovered, then do it in private on your home computer, of course. Apply directly to job sites or companies and include your new resume from home. The personal approach can take more time for you to find the right job but can receive more attention from employers who are really interested in your talents.Don’t Go to Interviews From the OfficeOne mistake job hunters make is that they make interview appointments from the office or take personal leave during the day. It can look suspicious when you normally dress in comfortable clothing for the office and one day show up wearing a suit for a lunch with a friend. Change of style in clothing can be a big clue that something is up. In addition, taking time off using the pretext of a doctor’s appointment is doing a disservice to your current employee. Schedule interview appointments for weekends or evenings when you are off and it will cause you less stress and help protect the fact that you are job hunting.Job hunting while employed in an open office atmosphere takes finesse and caution so the entire office doesn’t find out . TheJobNetwork offers an easier way to job hunt and not miss jobs for which you are qualified. After you fill out your qualifications and job interests, we search around the clock for positions that would interest you and send these job listings as email alerts. If you wish to be more proactive in your search, you can also look for employment yourself on the job site. Sign up with TheJobNetwork to let us do the job hunt for you.

Strtegic Position of BMW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Strtegic Position of BMW - Essay Example ustrin industrilist Frnz Josef Popp purchsed the compny in 1917 nd renmed it Byerische Motoren Werke. The Trety of Versilles, June 28, 1919, directly influenced the entry of Rpp Motoren Werke (lter to be known s BMW), into utomobile mnufcture s the terms of surrender by Germny resulting from World Wr 1 stipulted under rticles 198, 199 nd 201 tht ny militry or nvl ir forces were prohibited nd it lso stipulted the mnufcture of or importtion of ircrft. Rpp Motoren Werke, s result of sid bn, mde rilwy brkes until its fory into utomobiles in 1929. The hyperinfltion rising s result of the severe economic snctions imposed by the Trety of Versilles rered its hed in the 1920's nd helped to stgnte growth in Germny. This pper will nlyze the strtegic position of BMW with the help of five competitive forces of Porter, SWOT nlysis nd other mrketing nlysis in the utomobile industry. More prticulrly, it will be nlyzed how the forces hve n effect on the cr mnufcturer BMW. Bsed on this nlysis, the force with the most impct on the compny will be identified. Bsed on tht, it will be described how BMW uses informtion systems to offset the force. BMW, which stnds for Byerische Motoren Werke, hs mde well-known nme s luxury cr mnufcturer (Bernhrdt & Kinner, 1994). The hedqurters of the BMW group is in Munich, Germny, but the compny is present ll over the world. The compny built high brnd equity over the yers through continuous brnding efforts nd high qulity products. BMW is rgubly the most dmired crmker in the world nd BMW products inspire ner- fnticl loylty (Kiley, 2004). SWOT nlysis Strengths BMW is well-known compny with high sttus brnding tht hs very high recognition fctor. The compny hs been strengths in both reserch nd development nd design s well s in mrketing. For exmple when it comes to mrketing it ws BMW dvertisement tht ws the first e-dvertisement tht mde it to Cmpigns 'Pick of the Week' (Domn). However, in long-term purchse such s this there is need for moire substnce thn just mrketing, otherwise the life of the compny would be reltively short due to the nture of the purchse. It is in these longer-term systems nd strtegies tht we cn see mny of the strengths of BMW, we cn consider these by strting with the mrket position of the compny. BMW s well s Mercedes' nd few other compnies hve mnged too successful ttin m mrket position where they hve focus on nrrow rnge of exclusive crs. These cn be seen s imed t the mrket plce tht is not lso sensitive to price, nd s such we must rgue tht the mrket positioning my be seen s strength s there will not be such rection if the economic conditions chnge. The customers tht re in the trget group re hppy to py premium price for wht they perceive s premium product (Thompson). This my not be so true of the subsidiry compnies tht hve hd different problems, such s the ill-fted Rover group. However, the core product hs remined strong (Thompson). This my be seen s diversifiction, nd some of the diversifiction my lso be seen s strength, for exmple the purchse of Rolls Royce where there is similr strtegy, however the rnge nd trget mrket re even more focused nd exclusive. The strtegy of BMW is designed to be defensive ginst other cr mnufctures, nd s we will see when it comes to the section on threts this is defensive

How does the role of emotion and psychological attachment perpetuate Essay

How does the role of emotion and psychological attachment perpetuate the goals and actions of the main characters in Siddhart - Essay Example Another book crafted on the path of humanity and presented on a spiritual plane was the book â€Å"The Temple of the Golden Pavilion† by Yukio Mishima. The book was published in the year 1956 and was translated into English later in the year of 1959 by Ivan Morris. The book is based loosely on the burning of the Golden Temple situated at Kinkaku-ji of Kyoto. The novel revolves round the obsession with the beauty and the growing urge to destroy it. Comparison between â€Å"Siddhartha† and â€Å"The Temple of the Golden Pavilion† The books â€Å"Siddhartha† by Hermann Hesse and â€Å"The Temple of the Golden Pavilion† by Mishima are similar in many aspects. The ages that are captivated in both the novels are very similar. Along with this, the context of the books, more precisely the spirituality encapsulated within the narrow framework of the plots involved in both the novels are presented in a similar way. Yet there are some differences in the presen tation of subtle and cosmic scheme of things operating on the paradoxical plane of psychology and spirituality in both the novels. This intricate and subtle difference sets the parameter on which comparison can be made between â€Å"Siddhartha† by Herman Hesse and Mishima authored â€Å"The Temple of the Golden Pavilion†. Stark comparison can be drawn from the thematic perspective of both the novels. The novels â€Å"Siddhartha† and â€Å"The Temple of the Golden Pavilion† present a psychological trajectory of their respective protagonist. This trajectory includes the crest and fall of emotion and is presented in both the novels at a different paradigm. This difference of presentation of psychological crest and fall frames the major difference on the thematic plane. The title of the novel, â€Å"Siddhartha† is a Sanskrit word which actually contains two different words, namely ‘siddha’ which means achievement and ‘artha’ w hich means wealth or meaning. Amalgamation of both the words into one stands for two meaning. At the first plane, it means ‘he who has discovered the meaning of existence’. Also, the meaning denotes, ‘one who has achieved or attained his goals’ (Boeree, 1999). Eventually the name of Buddha before the attainment of renunciation was Prince Siddhartha or Gautama. In the book Gautama is referred to as ‘Gotama’. The story of â€Å"Siddhartha† starts with the journey of Siddhartha along with his companion Govinda. Siddhartha, the son of the Brahmin, leaves his home to join the ascetics. They leave the home and set out for the quest of the enlightenment. The story is plotted against the background of ancient India somewhere between the 4th to 7th Century BC. Siddhartha leaves the materialist life but indulges into the pleasures of the world by becoming the trader of love and consequently again gets back to ascetic. This circle of consciousness completes as a comprehensive representation of the events that takes place consciously in human life as his experience. The fundamentals of human cognition like perception, participation and knowledge take place within the context of experience and experience of human being essentially involves the oscillation of emotions pertaining to pain and pleasures of human life (Archie, & Et. Al., 2004). In the Part One of the book, author describes the restless